Abstract
Seed oils from four legume cultivars of Vicia faba, grown in Japan, were extracted and classified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) into eight fractions. The major lipid components were triacylglycerols (TAG: 48.8–50.1%) and phospholipids (PL: 47.5–50.5%), while hydrocarbons (HC), steryl esters (SE), free fatty acids (FFA), diacylglycerols (1,3- and 1,2-DAG) and monoacylglycerols (MAG) were present in minor proportions (1.8–2.4%). All lipid samples had high amounts of total unsaturated FA, representing 79.7–82.8% and 77.6–79.7% for TAG and PL, respectively. Molecular species and FA distributions of TAG, isolated from the total lipids in the broad beans, were analyzed by a combination of argentation-TLC and GC. Fourteen different molecular species were detected. With a few exceptions, the main TAG components were S2D (6.1–8.9%), SD2 (7.8–10.5%), SMT (6.3–8.5%), M2D (4.5–6.2%), MD2 (18.9–21.8%), D3 (21.0–23.9%) and MDT (8.1–10.2%) (where S, M, D, and T denote a saturated fatty acid, a monoene, a diene, and a triene, respectively). These results suggest that the lipid classes, FA distributions and TAG molecular species of broad beans are not dependent on the cultivation areas during the growing season.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Savage GP (1988) The composition and nutritive value of lentils (Lens culinaris). Nutr Abstr Rev A 59:66–88
Welch RW, Griffiths DW (1984) Variation in the oil content and fatty acid composition of field beans (Vicia faba) and peas (Pisum spp.). J Sci Food Agric 35:1282–1289
Grela ER, Gunter KD (1995) Fatty acid composition and tocopherol content of some legume seeds. Anim Food Sci Technol 52:325–331
Nitsan Z (1971) Vicia faba beans vs. soybean meal as a source of protein. J Sci Food Agric 22:252–255
Ford JE, Hewitt D (1979) Protein quality in cereals and pulses. 1. Application of microbiological and other in vitro methods in the evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L.), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.), barely and field bens (Vicia faba L.). Br J Nutr 41:341–353
Bletner JK, Chalhoub NE, Goff DE (1963) The horsebean (Vicia jaba L.) as a vegetable protein concentrate in chick diets. Poult Sci 42:562–568
Anderson JW, Story L, Sieling B, Chen WJL, Petro MS, Story J (1984) Hypocholesterolemic effects of oat-bran or bean intake for hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 48:749–753
Bazzano L, He J, Ogden LG, Loria C, Vupputuri S, Myers L, Whelton PK (2001) Legume consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in US men and women. Arch Int Med 161:2573–2578
Griffiths DW (1981) The polyphenolic content and enzyme inhibitory activity of testa from bean (Vicia faba) and pea (Pisum spp.) varieties. J Sci Food Agric 32:797–804
AOAC (1997) Official methods of analysis. Association of official analytical chemists, 16th edn, 3rd revision, Washington
Folch J, Lee M, Sloane-Stanley GH (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226:497–509
Yoshida H, Shougaki Y, Hirakawa Y, Tomiyama Y, Mizushina Y (2004) Lipid classes, fatty acid composition and triacylglycerol molecular species in the kernels of pumpkin (Cucurbita spp) seeds. J Sci Food Agric 84:158–163
AOCS (1992) Official methods Ce1b-89. Fatty acid composition of GLC. Marine oils. AOCS Champaign
Matsui M, Watanabe T, Ikekawa N (1973) Effect of α-tocopherol deficiency on carp. III. Analytical method for triglyceride composition of fish lipids. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 39:367–373
Yoshida H, Tomiyama Y, Kanrei S, Mizushina Y (2006) Tocopherol distribution and molecular species of triacylglycerols in soybean embryonic axes. J Am Oil Chem Soc 83:345–351
Bilyk A, Piazza GJ, Bistline Jr RG, Haas MJ (1991) Separation of cholesterol, and fatty acylglycerols, acids and amides by thin-layer chromatography. Lipids 26:405–406
Jham GN, Velikova R, Nikolovs-Damyavova B, Rabelo SC, Silva JCT, Souza KAP, Valente VMM, Cecon PR (2005) Preparative silver ion TLC/RP-HPLC determination of coffee triacylglycerol molecular species. Food Res Int 38:121–126
Steel RCD, J Torrie H, Dickey D (1995) Principles and procedures of statistics. McGraw-Hill, New York
Baker RJ (1980) Multiple comparison tests. Can J Plant Sci 60:325–327
Mabaleha MB, Yeboa SO (2004) Characterization and compositional studies of the oils from some legume cultivars, Phaseolus vulgaris, grown in Southern Africa. J Am Oil Chem Soc 81:361–364
Yoshida H, Tomiyama Y, Tanaka M, Mizushina Y (2007) Characteristic profiles of lipid classes, fatty acids and triacylglycerol molecular species of peas (Pisum sativum L.). Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 109:600–607
Yoshida H, Tomiyama Y, Kita S, Mizushina Y (2005) Lipid classes, fatty acid composition and triacylglycerol molecular species of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 107:307–315
Acknowledgments
We thank Prof. Bruce Holub of the Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Canada, for reviewing and commenting on this manuscript. A part of this work was financially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Cooperative Research Center of Life Science (‘Academic Frontier’ Project, 2006-2010).
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Yoshida, H., Tomiyama, Y., Yoshida, N. et al. Lipid Classes, Fatty Acid Distributions and Triacylglycerol Molecular Species of Broad Beans (Vicia faba). J Am Oil Chem Soc 85, 535–541 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-008-1221-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-008-1221-2