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Increasing Levels of Dietary Hempseed Products Leads to Differential Responses in the Fatty Acid Profiles of Egg Yolk, Liver and Plasma of Laying Hens

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Lipids

Abstract

The limited efficiency with which dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is converted by hens into docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for egg deposition is not clearly understood. In this study, dietary ALA levels were increased via the inclusion of hempseed (HS) and hempseed oil (HO) in hen diets, with the goal of assessing the effects on the fatty acid (FA) profiles of total lipids and lipid classes in yolk, liver and plasma. Forty-eight hens were individually caged and fed one of six diets containing either HS:10, 20 or 30, HO:4.5 or 9.0 (%, diet) or a control (containing corn oil), providing a range (0.1–1.28 %, diet) of ALA. Fatty acid methyl esters of total lipids and lipid classes, including phosphatidyl choline (PtdCho) and ethanolamine (PtdEtn) in yolk, plasma and liver were then determined. Levels of n-3 FAs in both total lipids and lipid classes increased in all tissues. ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) increased linearly, while docosapentaenoic acid and DHA increased quadratically. The FA profiles of yolk closely reflected levels in both plasma and liver. While ALA was highly concentrated in the triacylglycerol, it was low but equally distributed between PtdCho and PtdEtn in all tissues; however, the net accumulation was lower (P < 0.0001) in liver compared to yolk and plasma. Levels of EPA and ALA in yolk-PtdEtn were linearly (P < 0.0001; R 2 = 0.93) associated, and reflected those in liver-PtdEtn (P < 0.0001; R 2 = 0.90). In the liver, a strong inverse correlation (P < 0.0001; r = −0.94) between PL-DHA and ALA-to-EPA ratio in PtdEtn supports theories of low substrate availability, possibly limiting the conversion of ALA into DHA for egg enrichment.

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Abbreviations

ALA:

Alpha-Linolenic (18:3n-3)

ARA:

Arachidonic acid (20:4n-6)

CE:

Cholesteryl ester

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3)

DPA:

Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3)

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge financial support from the Canadian Hemp Trade Alliance (CHTA; Winnipeg, MB, Canada); Canadian Agricultural Adaptation Program (CAAP; Ottawa, ON, Canada) and Province of Manitoba Science and Technology International Collaboration Fund (Winnipeg, MB, Canada). Statistical assistance from Drs. G. H. Crow and L. Onischuk (Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba), technical assistance from N. Gakhar (Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba), and support with animal care from J. Levandoski and A. Chartier (Poultry Research Unit, University of Manitoba) are highly appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada

    M. Neijat & J. D. House

  2. Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada

    M. Suh, J. Neufeld & J. D. House

  3. Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2E1, Canada

    M. Suh & J. D. House

  4. Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada

    M. Suh & J. D. House

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  1. M. Neijat
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  2. M. Suh
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Correspondence to J. D. House.

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Neijat, M., Suh, M., Neufeld, J. et al. Increasing Levels of Dietary Hempseed Products Leads to Differential Responses in the Fatty Acid Profiles of Egg Yolk, Liver and Plasma of Laying Hens. Lipids 51, 615–633 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-016-4146-9

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