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Non-methylene Interrupted and Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Polar Lipids of the Alga Grateloupia turuturu Over the Four Seasons

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Lipids

Abstract

Phospholipids (PL) and glycolipids (GL) FA in the edible Rhodophyta Grateloupia turuturu, from Brittany, France, were investigated over four seasons. The major lipid class was GL in all seasons (around 45 %). More than 80 FA occurred in polar lipids, with chains from C12 to C26, identified as methyl esters and N-acyl pyrrolidides by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). PUFA occurred at up to 47.1 % (summer) in PL, and up to 43.6 % (summer) in GL. The major PUFA were 20:5n-3 (12.2 % in PL and 29.0 % in GL) and 20:4n-6 (25.6 % in PL and 10.4 % in GL). The unusual 18:3n-7 acid was identified in PL up to 2.2 %. Several minor unsaturated FA were identified in PL and are previously unreported in seaweeds, namely 14-tricosenoic, 15-tetracosenoic, 5,11-octadecadienoic and 5,9-nonadecadienoic. Also unprecedented in seaweeds, ten 2-hydroxy and three 3-hydroxy FA occurred mainly in PL, 13.9 % in spring with the 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid as the major one (8.1 % winter). Three n-9 monounsaturated 2-hydroxy FA occurred in PL. The 2-hydroxy-15-tetracosenoic acid was characterized as the dimethyl disulfide adduct of its methyl ester. The 2-hydroxy-16-pentacosenoic and 2-hydroxy-17-hexacosenoic acids were identified by comparison of mass spectra and GC mobilities with those of the 2-hydroxy-15-tetracosenoic acid, and of other homogeneous FA series. These rare n-9 monounsaturated 2-hydroxy FA are unprecedented in seaweeds.

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Abbreviations

amu:

Atomic mass unit

ARA:

Arachidonic acid (20:4n-6)

DMA:

Aldehyde dimethylacetals

DMDS:

Dimethyl disulfide

Dry wt:

Dry weight

ECL:

Equivalent chain length

EPA:

Icosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3)

FA:

Fatty acid(s)

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl ester(s)

GL:

Glycolipid(s)

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid(s)

NAP:

N-acylpyrrolidides

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

PL:

Phospholipid(s)

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)

RT:

Retention time(s)

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid(s)

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr Claire Denis and Mr Pierre Gaudin from University of Nantes, Laboratory Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), EA 2160, for their technical assistance, in collecting alga, measurement, and in data analysis. This work is part of Melha Kendel’s Ph.D. thesis, supported by a grant from the Conseil Général de la Loire Atlantique, France.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, Groupe Mer-Molécules-Santé MMS, EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, 44035, Nantes Cedex 1, France

    Melha Kendel, Gilles Barnathan, Vony Rabesaotra & Gaëtane Wielgosz-Collin

  2. Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, Groupe Mer-Molécules-Santé MMS, EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, 2 rue La Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France

    Joël Fleurence

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  1. Melha Kendel
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  2. Gilles Barnathan
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  3. Joël Fleurence
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  4. Vony Rabesaotra
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  5. Gaëtane Wielgosz-Collin
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Correspondence to Gilles Barnathan or Gaëtane Wielgosz-Collin.

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Kendel, M., Barnathan, G., Fleurence, J. et al. Non-methylene Interrupted and Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Polar Lipids of the Alga Grateloupia turuturu Over the Four Seasons. Lipids 48, 535–545 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-013-3783-5

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