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2-Chlorohexadecanal and 2-Chlorohexadecanoic Acid Induce COX-2 Expression in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells

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Lipids

Abstract

2-Chlorohexadecanal (2-ClHDA), a 16-carbon chain chlorinated fatty aldehyde that is produced by reactive chlorinating species attack of plasmalogens, is elevated in atherosclerotic plaques, infarcted myocardium, and activated leukocytes. We tested the hypothesis that 2-ClHDA and its metabolites, 2-chlorohexadecanoic acid (2-ClHA) and 2-chlorohexadecanol (2-ClHOH), induce COX-2 expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). COX-2 protein expression increased in response to 2-ClHDA treatments at 8 and 20 h. 2-ClHA also increased COX-2 expression following an 8 h treatment. Quantitative PCR showed that 2-ClHDA treatment increased COX-2 mRNA over 8 h, while 2-ClHA treatment led to a modest increase by 1 h and those levels remained constant over 8 h. 2-ClHDA led to a significant increase in 6-keto-PGF1α release (a measure of PGI2 release) by HCAEC. These data suggest that 2-ClHDA and its metabolite 2-ClHA, which are produced during leukocyte activation, may alter vascular endothelial cell function by upregulation of COX-2 expression.

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Abbreviations

RCS:

Reactive chlorinating species

2-ClHDA:

2-Chlorohexadecanal

2-ClHA:

2-Chlorohexadecanoic acid

2-ClHOH:

2-Chlorohexadecanol

HDA:

Hexadecanal

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

NF-κb:

Nuclear factor kappa B

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

HCAEC:

Human coronary artery endothelial cells

MPO:

Myeloperoxidase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA

    Maria C. Messner, Carolyn J. Albert & David A. Ford

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA

    David A. Ford

Authors
  1. Maria C. Messner
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  2. Carolyn J. Albert
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  3. David A. Ford
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Correspondence to David A. Ford.

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Messner, M.C., Albert, C.J. & Ford, D.A. 2-Chlorohexadecanal and 2-Chlorohexadecanoic Acid Induce COX-2 Expression in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells. Lipids 43, 581–588 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-008-3189-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-008-3189-y

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