Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Distribution of 22∶6n−3 newly synthesized from 18∶3n−3 into glycerolipid classes from tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

  • Articles
  • Published:
Lipids

Abstract

The distribution of D5-22∶6n−3 following ingestion of a pulse of D5-18∶3n−3 was measured quantitatively by GC-negative chemical ionization MS in lipid classes from liver, cecal mucosa, and brain from rainbow trout to further our understanding of the processes determining accretion and turnover of 22∶6n−3 in fish. The accretion of D5-22∶6n−3 was expressed in two ways, as percent enrichment and as ng D5-22∶6n−3/μg 22∶6n−3/mg D5-18∶3n−3 eaten. In cecal mucosa at 2 d post-dose, PC was the most enriched lipid class followed by PE and then TAG. Enrichment fell in all lipid classes in cecal mucosa from 2 to 7 d post-dose of D5-18∶3n−3. In liver, PC was also the most enriched lipid class at 2 d, but in this tissue all lipid classes were more enriched in D5-22∶6n−3 by 7 d. When expressed in terms of the 22∶6n−3 content of the different lipid classes, TAG became relatively less important in cecal mucosa and more important in liver. Over a time course of 3 to 35 d, the percent enrichment of D5-22∶6n−3 in liver peaked at 7 d in PC, PE, PS, and PI and fell rapidly in TAG from 3 d. PC from liver was the most enriched lipid class at 3 and 7 d, and thereafter PE was the most enriched lipid class. However, TAG had the highest specific activity at all times except 7 d. In brain, the enrichment of D5-22∶6n−3 was very low in all lipid classes at 3 d and increased progressively to 35 d with PC and PE similarly enriched. TAG from brain had the highest specific activity at all times. This study is the first to present quantitative information on rates of accretion and depletion of newly synthesized 22∶6n−3 into the main lipid classes of fish tissues.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

FAEE:

fatty acid ethyl ester

GC-MS:

gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer

LPC:

lysophosphatidylcholine

PFB:

pentafluorobenzyl

tri23∶0:

tritricosanoyl glycerol

References

  1. Bell, M.V., Dick, J.R., and Porter, A.E.A. (2001) Biosynthesis and Tissue Deposition of Docosahexaenoic Acid (22∶6n−3) in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Lipids 36, 1153–1159.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bell, M.V., and Dick, J.R. (2004) Changes in Capacity to Synthesise 22∶6n−3 During Early Development in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Aquaculture, 235, 393–409.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bell, M.V., Dick, J.R., and Porter, A.E.A. (2003) Pyloric Ceca Are Significant Sites of Newly Synthesized 22∶6n−3 in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Lipids 38, 39–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Tocher, D.R., Fonseca-Madrigal, J., Bell, J.G., Dick, J.R., Henderson, R.J., and Sargent, J.R. (2002) Effects of Diets Containing Linseed Oil on Fatty Acid Desaturation and Oxidation in Hepatocytes and Intestinal Enterocytes in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), Fish Physiol. Biochem. 26, 157–170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Buzzi, M., Henderson, R.J., and Sargent, J.R. (1996) The Desaturation and Elongation of Linolenic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid by Hepatocytes and Liver Microsomes from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed Diets Containing Fish Oil or Olive Oil, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1299, 235–244.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Linares, F., and Henderson, R.J. (1991) Incorporation of 14C-Labelled Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Juvenile Turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.) in vivo, J. Fish Biol. 38, 335–347.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Tocher, D.R., Mourente, G., and Sargent, J.R. (1992) Metabolism of [1-14C] Docosahexaenoate (22∶6n−3), [1-14C] Eicosapentaenoate (20∶5n−3) and [1-14C] Linolenate (18∶3n−3) in Brain Cells from Juvenile Turbot Scophthalmus maximus, Lipids 27, 494–499.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Rodriguez, C., Henderson, R.J., Porter, A.E.A., and Dick, J.R. (1997) Modification of Odd-Chain Length Unsaturated Fatty Acids by Hepatocytes of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed Diets Containing Fish Oil or Olive Oil, Lipids 32, 611–619.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloan-Stanley, G.H. (1957) A Simple Method for the Isolation and Purification of Total Lipids from Animal Tissues, J. Biol. Chem. 226, 497–509.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Olsen, R.E., and Henderson, R.J. (1989) The Rapid Analysis of Neutral and Polar Marine Lipids Using Double-Development HPTLC and Scanning Densitometry, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 129, 189–197.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Fewster, M.E., Burns, B.J., and Mead, J.F. (1969) Quantitative Densitometric Thin-Layer Chromatography of Lipids Using Copper Acetate Reagent, J. Chromatogr. 43, 120–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Pawlosky, R.J., Sprecher, H.W., and Salem, N. (1992) High-Sensitivity Negative Ion GC-MS Method for the Detection of Desaturated and Chain-Elongated Products of Deuterated Linoleic and Linolenic Acids, J. Lipid Res. 33, 1711–1717.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lauritzen, L., Hansen, H.S., Jorgensen, M.H., and Michaelson, K.F. (2001) The Essentiality of Long-Chain n−3 Fatty Acids in Relation to Development and Function of the Brain and Retina, Prog. Lipid Res. 40, 1–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Gurr, M.I., and Harwood, J.L. (1991) Lipid Biochemistry. 4th edn., pp. 65–69, Chapman & Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Pugh, E.L., and Kates, M. (1979) Membrane-Bound Phospholipid Desaturases, Lipids 14, 159–165.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bell, M.V., Simpson, C.M.F., and Sargent, J.R. (1983) (n−3) and (n−6) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Phosphoglycerides of Salt-Secreting Epithelia from Two Marine Fish Species, Lipids 18, 720–726.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Scott, B.L., and Bazan, N.G. (1989) Membrane Docosahexaenoate Is Supplied to the Developing Brain and Retina by the Liver, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 2903–2907.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Brindley, D.N. (1993) Hepatic Secretion of Lysophosphatidylcholine: A Novel Transport System for Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Choline, J. Nutr. Biochem. 4, 442–449.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Lagarde, M., Bernoud, N., Brossard, N., Lemaitre-Delaunay, D., Thies, F., Croset, M., and Lecerf, J. (2001) Lysophosphatidylcholine as a Preferred Carrier Form of Docosahexaenoic Acid to the Brain, J. Mol. Neurosci. 16, 201–204.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Bell, M.V., and Tocher, D.R. (1989) Molecular Species Composition of the Major Phospholipids in Brain and Retina from Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri), Biochem. J. 264, 909–915.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Connor, W.E., Neuringer, M., and Lin, D.S. (1990) Dietary Effects on Brain Fatty Acid Composition: The Reversibility of n−3 Fatty Acid Deficiency and Turnover of Docosahexaenoic Acid in the Brain, Erythrocytes and Plasma of Rhesus Monkeys, J. Lipid Res. 31, 237–247.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Moriguchi, T., Loewke, J., Garrison, M., Catalan, J.N., and Salem, N. (2001) Reversal of Docosahexaenoic Acid Deficiency in the Rat Brain, Retina, Liver and Serum, J. Lipid Res. 42, 419–427.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Rapoport, S.I., Chang, M.C.J., and Spector, A.A. (2001) Delivery and Turnover of Plasma-Derived Essential PUFAs in Mammalian Brain, J. Lipid Res. 42, 678–685.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lemaitre-Delauney, D., Pachiaudi, C., Laville, M., Pousin, J., Armstrong, M., and Lagarde, M. (1999) Blood Compartmental Metabolism of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Humans After Ingestion of a Single Dose of [13C]DHA in Phosphatidylcholine, J. Lipid Res. 40, 1867–1874.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Burdge, G.C., and Wootton, S.A. (2002) Conversion of α-Linolenic Acid to Eicosapentaenoic, Docosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Young Women, Br. J. Nutr. 88, 411–420.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom

    Michael V. Bell & James R. Dick

Authors
  1. Michael V. Bell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. James R. Dick
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael V. Bell.

About this article

Cite this article

Bell, M.V., Dick, J.R. Distribution of 22∶6n−3 newly synthesized from 18∶3n−3 into glycerolipid classes from tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Lipids 40, 703–708 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-005-1433-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-005-1433-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation