Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pyloric ceca are significant sites of newly synthesized 22∶6n−3 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

  • Articles
  • Published:
Lipids

Abstract

In this pulse-chase study, rainbow trout fed a diet containing deuterated (D5) (17,17,18,18,18)-18∶3n−3 ethyl ester accumulated D5-22∶6n−3 in pyloric ceca to a greater extent than in liver 2 d post-dose. The ratio of newly synthesized D5-22∶6n−3 in ceca to that in liver 2 d after feeding D5-18∶3n−3 was 4.7±1.2 when expressed as per mg tissue and 5.2±2.4 when expressed as per mg protein. The amount of D5-22∶6n−3 in ceca then declined whereas that in liver and blood increased, with the ratio of ceca to liver falling to 1.7 and 1.4, respectively, by day 5 and approaching unity by day 9. A crude cecal mucosa fraction contained 123±50 ng D5-22∶6n−3/mg protein/mg D5-18∶3n−3 eaten 2 d after feeding the tracer, compared with 35±21 ng D5-22∶6n−3/mg protein/mg D5-18∶3n−3 eaten in liver. Three days later the amount in cecal mucosa had fallen by one-third and that in liver had increased threefold. Most of the D5-18∶3n−3 was catabolized very rapidly. The ratio of D5-18∶3n−3 to 21∶4n−6 (a relatively inert FA marker) in the diet was 4.0, but this fell to 0.30 in ceca and ca. 0.8 in liver, blood, and whole carcass one day after feeding. These results indicate that ceca are active in the synthesis of 22∶6n−3 and the oxidation of 18∶3n−3.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

D n :

deuterated

FAEE:

fatty acid ethyl ester

tri23∶0:

tritricosanoyl glycerol

References

  1. Tinoco, J. (1982) Dietary Requirements and Functions of α-Linolenic Acid in Animals, Prog. Lipid Res. 21, 1–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Henderson, R.J., and Tocher, D.R. (1987) The Lipid Composition and Biochemistry of Freshwater Fish, Prog. Lipid Res. 26, 281–347.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang, N., and Anderson, R.E. (1993) Synthesis of Docosahexaenoic Acid by Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Biochemistry 32, 13703–13709.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Voss, A., Reinhart, M., Sankarappa, S., and Sprecher, H. (1991) The Metabolism of 7,10,13,16,19-Docosapentaenoic Acid to 4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic Acid in Rat Liver Is Independent of a 4-Desaturase, J. Biol. Chem. 266, 19995–20000.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Buzzi, M., Henderson, R.J., and Sargent, J.R. (1996) The Desaturation and Elongation of Linolenic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid by Hepatocytes and Liver Microsomes from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed Diets Containing Fish Oil or Olive Oil, Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1299, 235–244.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Emken, E.A. (2001) Stable Isotope Approaches, Applications, and Issues Related to Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism Studies, Lipids 36, 965–973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sargent, J.R., Henderson, R.J., and Tocher, D.R. (1989) The Lipids, in Fish Nutrition (Halver, J.E., ed.), 2nd edn., pp. 153–218, Academic Press, San Diego.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bell, M.V., Dick, J.R., and Porter, A.E.A. (2001) Biosynthesis and Tissue Deposition of Docosahexaenoic Acid (22∶6n−3) in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Lipids 36, 1153–1159.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Rodrigucz, C., Henderson, R.J., Porter, A.E.A., and Dick, J.R. (1997) Modification of Odd-Chain-Length Unsaturated Fatty Acids by Hepatocytes of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed Diets Containing Fish Oil or Olive Oil, Lipids 32, 611–619.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tocher, D.R., Bell, J.G., and Sargent, J.R. (1996) Induction of Δ9-Fatty Acyl Desaturation in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Liver by Dietary Manipulation, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 113B, 205–212.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., and Randall, R.J. (1951) Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent, J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265–275.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloane Stanley, G.H. (1957) A Simple Method for the Isolation and Purification of Total Lipids from Animal Tissues, J. Biol. Chem. 226, 497–509.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Pawlosky, R.J., Sprecher, H.W., and Salem, N. (1992) High-Sensitivity Negative Ion GC-MS Method for the Detection of Desaturated and Chain-Elongated Products of Deuterated Linoleic and Linolenic Acids, J. Lipid Res. 33, 1711–1717.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Northcote, T.G., and Paterson, R.J. (1960) Relationship Between Number of Pyloric Ceca and Length of Juvenile Rainbow Trout, Copeia 3, 248–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ulla, O., and Gjedrem, T. (1985) Number and Length of Pyloric Ceca and Their Relationship to Fat and Protein Digestibility in Rainbow Trout, Aquaculture 47, 105–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Bergot, P., Blanc, J.M., and Escaffre, A.M. (1981) Relationship Between Number of Pyloric Ceca and Growth in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson), Aquaculture, 22, 81–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Buddington, R.K., and Diamond, J.M. (1987) Pyloric Ceca of Fish: A “New” Absorptive Organ, Am. J. Physiol. 252, G65–G76.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Sigurgisladottir, S., Lall, S.P., Parrish, C.C., and Ackman, R.G. (1992) Cholestane as a Digestibility Marker in the Absorption of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Atlantic Salmon, Lipids 27, 418–424.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Yano, Y., Nakayama, A., Saito, H., and Ishihara, K. (1994) Production of Docosahexaenoic Acid by Marine Bacteria Isolated from Deep Sea Fish, Lipids 29, 527–528.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Metz, J.G., Roessler, P., Facciotti, D., Levering, C., Dittrich, F., Lassner, M., Valentine, R., Lardizabal, K., Domergue, F., Yamada, A., et al. (2001) Production of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Polyketide Synthases in Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, Science 293, 290–293.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Cunnane, S.C. (1996) Recent Studies on the Synthesis, β-Oxidation, and Deficiency of Linoleate and α-Linolenate: Are Essential Fatty Acids More Aptly Named Indispensable or Conditionally Dispensable Fatty Acids?, Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 74, 629–639.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Cunnane, S.C., Belza, K., Anderson, M.J., and Ryan, M.A. (1998) Substantial Carbon Recycling from Linoleate into Products of de novo Lipogenesis Occurs in Rat Liver Even Under Conditions of Extreme Dietary Linoleate Deficiency, J. Lipid Res. 39, 2271–2276.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sheaff Greiner, R.C., Zhang, Q., Goodman, K.J., Giussani, D.A., Nathanielsz, P.A., and Brenna, J.T. (1990) Linoleate, α-Linolenate and Docosahexaenoate Recycling into Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Is a Major Pathway in Pregnant or Lactating Adults and Fetal or Infant Rhesus Monkeys, J. Lipid Res. 37, 2675–2686.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Cunnane, S.C., and Anderson, M.J. (1997) The Majority of Dietary Linoleate in Growing Rats Is β-Oxidized or Stored in Visceral Fat, J. Nutr. 127, 146–152.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Pawlosky, R.J., Hibbeln, J.R., Novotny, J.A., and Salem, N. (2001) Physiological Compartmental Analysis of α-Linolenic Acid Metabolism in Adult Humans, J. Lipid Res. 42, 1257–1265.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, Scotland, UK

    M. V. Bell & J. R. Dick

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, Scotland, UK

    A. E. A. Porter

Authors
  1. M. V. Bell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. R. Dick
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. E. A. Porter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. V. Bell.

About this article

Cite this article

Bell, M.V., Dick, J.R. & Porter, A.E.A. Pyloric ceca are significant sites of newly synthesized 22∶6n−3 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Lipids 38, 39–44 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-003-1029-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-003-1029-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation