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Protective effect of Pseudomonas spp. isolates and zinc on seed germination and β-amylase activity in wheat cultivars under cadmium stress

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Abstract

Plant–bacteria interactions and plant nutrition have been exploited to abate the harmful effects of cadmium (Cd) on the germination of wheat cultivars. This study investigated the effects of Pseudomonas species and zinc (Zn) on the germination of wheat cultivars Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) and Triticum turgidum (durum wheat) under Cd stress. The application of bacteria (Pseudomonas putida inoculants, Pseudomonas fluorescens inoculants), Zn in three levels (0, 15 and 30 mg L−1), Cd in five levels (0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 mg L−1) and appropriate negative controls was evaluated in each wheat cultivar. β-Amylase activity was reduced with increasing Cd concentration. Durum wheat showed higher β-amylase enzyme activity than bread wheat after inoculation with P. fluorescens. Nevertheless, inoculated seeds of both wheat cultivars with P. fluorescens exhibited increased β-amylase activity and consequently increased germination speed. However, bacterial inoculation showed no effect on the increment of plumule and radicle dry weights of seedlings. Overall, the combined application of Pseudomonas species (especially P. fluorescens) and Zn was able to decrease the deleterious effects of Cd stress on β-amylase activity, and subsequently germination indices of wheat cultivars.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Tarbiat Modares University for its support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agronomy Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Marzieh Safari

  2. Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

    Hossein Kari Dolatabad

  3. Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA

    Udonna Ndu

  4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    Nelson A. Rivera

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  1. Marzieh Safari
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  2. Hossein Kari Dolatabad
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  3. Udonna Ndu
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  4. Nelson A. Rivera
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Correspondence to Hossein Kari Dolatabad.

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Communicated by P. Wojtaszek.

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Safari, M., Kari Dolatabad, H., Ndu, U. et al. Protective effect of Pseudomonas spp. isolates and zinc on seed germination and β-amylase activity in wheat cultivars under cadmium stress. Acta Physiol Plant 42, 50 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-020-03038-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-020-03038-8

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