Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in regulating photosynthesis under stress. To understand the differential function of exogenous ABA in the regulation of drought tolerance between two rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes, upland rice (UR, resistant to drought stress) and lowland rice (LR, susceptible to drought stress), photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and the expression of chloroplast and ABA biosynthesis-related genes were investigated under 15 % polyethylene glycol (PEG) and exogenous ABA (60 µM) treatments. In both rice lines, most of the photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and chloroplast and ABA biosynthesis-related gene transcript levels were rapidly reduced by PEG stress, with the exception of up-regulated levels of OsPsbA, OsNCED3, OsNCED4, and OsZEP in LR and OsNCED3, OsNCED4, and OsZEP in UR. Moreover, a rapid stress-responsive regulation mechanism was found in UR according to the more rapid and strong up-regulation of three ABA biosynthesis-related genes in UR than in LR. Under PEG stress, exogenous ABA application significantly enhanced the recovery of the net photosynthetic rate (P n), stomatal conductance (G s), and transpiration rate (T r) in UR, with increased expression of OsPsbD1, OsPsbD2, OsNCED2, OsNCED3, OsNCED4, and OsNCED5. These data suggest a role for chloroplast and ABA biosynthesis-related genes in photosystem II (PSII) induction by exogenous ABA in the UR genetic background.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Audran C, Borel C, Frey A, Sotta B, Meyer C, Simonneau T, Marion-Poll A (1998) Expression studies of the zeaxanthin epoxidase gene in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Plant Physiol 118(3):1021–1028
Desikan R, Cheung MK, Bright J, Henson D, Hancock JT, Neill SJ (2004) ABA, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide signalling in stomatal guard cells. J Exp Bot 55(395):205–212
Duan HG, Yuan S, Liu WJ, Xi DH, Qing DH, Liang HG, Lin HH (2006) Effects of exogenous spermidine on photosystem II of wheat seedlings under water stress. J Integr Plant Biol 48(8):920–927
Flexas J, Bota J, Loreto F, Cornic G, Sharkey TD (2004) Diffusive and metabolic limitations to photosynthesis under drought and salinity in C3 plants. Plant Biol 6(3):269–279
Flexas J, Diaz-Espejo A, Galmes J, Kaldenhoff R, Medrano H, Ribas-Carbo M (2007) Rapid variations of mesophyll conductance in response to changes in CO2 concentration around leaves. Plant, Cell Environ 30(10):1284–1298
Gao FH, Zhang HL, Wang HG, Gao H, Li ZC (2009) Comparative transcriptional profiling under drought stress between upland and lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) using cDNA-AFLP. Chin Sci Bull 54(19):3555–3571
Guo DL, Liang JH, Li L (2009) Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibition of lateral root formation involves endogenous ABA biosynthesis in Arachis hypogaea L. Plant Growth Regul 58(2):173–179
Hao LM, Liang HG, Wang ZL, Liu XM (1999) Effects of water stress and rewatering on turnover and gene expression of photosystem II reaction center polypeptide D1 in Zea mays. Funct Plant Biol 26(4):375–378
Iuchi S, Kobayashi M, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (2000) A stress-inducible gene for 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis under water stress in drought-tolerant cowpea. Plant Physiol 123(2):553–562
Kilian J, Whitehead D, Horak J, Wanke D, Weinl S, Batistic O, D’Angelo C, Bornberg-Bauer E, Kudla J, Harter K (2007) The AtGenExpress global stress expression data set: protocols, evaluation and model data analysis of UV-B light, drought and cold stress responses. Plant J 50(2):347–363
Kramer DM, Johnson G, Kiirats O, Edwards GE (2004) New fluorescence parameters for the determination of QA redox state and excitation energy fluxes. Photosynth Res 79(2):209–218
Lawlor DW, Cornic G (2002) Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plant, Cell Environ 25(2):275–294
Li JZ, Wang DP, Xie Y, Zhang HL, Hu GL, Li JJ, Dai AY, Liu LF, Li ZC (2011) Development of upland rice introgression lines and identification of QTLs for basal root thickness under different water regimes. J Genet Genomics 38(11):547–556
Lian HL, Yu X, Lane D, Sun WN, Tang ZC, Su WA (2006) Upland rice and lowland rice exhibited different PIP expression under water deficit and ABA treatment. Cell Res 16(7):651–660
Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−△△CT method. Methods 25(4):402–408
Moumeni A, Satoh K, Kondoh H, Asano T, Hosaka A, Venuprasad R, Serraj R, Kumar A, Leung H, Kikuchi S (2011) Comparative analysis of root transcriptome profiles of two pairs of drought-tolerant and susceptible rice near-isogenic lines under different drought stress. BMC Plant Biol 11(1):174–191
Mu P, Li ZC, Li CP, Zhang HL, Wang XK (2003) QTL mapping of the root traits and their correlation analysis with drought resistance using DH lines from paddy and upland rice cross. Chin Sci Bull 34(2):198–206
Park H, Kreunen SS, Cuttriss AJ, DellaPenna D, Pogson BJ (2002) Identification of the carotenoid isomerase provides insight into carotenoid biosynthesis, prolamellar body formation, and photomorphogenesis. Plant Cell 14(2):321–332
Pinheiro C, Chaves M (2011) Photosynthesis and drought: can we make metabolic connections from available data? J Exp Bot 62(3):869–882
Qin XQ, Zeevaart JAD (2002) Overexpression of a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia increases abscisic acid and phaseic acid levels and enhances drought tolerance. Plant Physiol 128(2):544–551
Qu YY, Mu P, Li XQ, Tian YX, Wen F, Zhang HL, Li ZC (2008) QTL mapping and correlations between leaf water potential and drought resistance in rice under upland and lowland environments. Acta Agron Sin 34(2):198–206
Schreiber U (2004) Pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometry and saturation pulse method: an overview. In: Chlorophyll a fluorescence. Springer, Berlin, pp 279–319
Shangguan ZP, Shao MG, Dyckmans J (1999) Interaction of osmotic adjustment and photosynthesis in winter wheat under soil drought. J Plant Physiol 154(5):753–758
Tan BC, Joseph LM, Deng WT, Liu LJ, Li QB, Cline K, McCarty DR (2003) Molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene family. Plant J 35(1):44–56
Thompson AJ, Jackson AC, Parker RA, Morpeth DR, Burbidge A, Taylor IB (2000) Abscisic acid biosynthesis in tomato: regulation of zeaxanthin epoxidase and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase mRNAs by light/dark cycles, water stress and abscisic acid. Plant Mol Biol 42(6):833–845
Tian L, DellaPenna D, Zeevaart JA (2004) Effect of hydroxylated carotenoid deficiency on ABA accumulation in Arabidopsis. Physiol Plant 122(3):314–320
Verslues PE, Agarwal M, Katiyar-Agarwal S, Zhu J, Zhu JK (2006) Methods and concepts in quantifying resistance to drought, salt and freezing, abiotic stresses that affect plant water status. Plant J 45(4):523–539
Wang N, Fang W, Han H, Sui N, Li B, Meng QW (2008) Overexpression of zeaxanthin epoxidase gene enhances the sensitivity of tomato PSII photoinhibition to high light and chilling stress. Physiol Plant 132(3):384–396
Wang YX, Suo B, Zhao PF, Qu XF, Yuan LG, Zhao XJ, Zhao HJ (2011) Effect of Exogenous abscisic acid on psbA gene expression in two wheat cultivars during grain filling stage under drought stress. Acta Agron Sin 37(8):1372–1377
Wong CE, Li Y, Labbe A, Guevara D, Nuin P, Whitty B, Diaz C, Golding GB, Gray GR, Weretilnyk EA (2006) Transcriptional profiling implicates novel interactions between abiotic stress and hormonal responses in Thellungiella, a close relative of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 140(4):1437–1450
Xiong LM, Zhu JK (2003) Regulation of abscisic acid biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 133(1):29–36
Xiong LM, Schumaker KS, Zhu JK (2002) Cell signaling during cold, drought, and salt stress. Plant Cell 14:S165–S183
Ye NH, Zhu GH, Liu YG, Li YX, Zhang JH (2011) ABA controls H2O2 accumulation through the induction of OsCATB in rice leaves under water stress. Plant Cell Physiol 52(4):689–698
Yuan S, Liu WJ, Zhang NH, Wang MB, Liang HG, Lin H (2005) Effects of water stress on major photosystem II gene expression and protein metabolism in barley leaves. Physiol Plant 125(4):464–473
Zhang AY, Jiang MY, Zhang JH, Ding HD, Xu SC, Hu XL, Tan MP (2007) Nitric oxide induced by hydrogen peroxide mediates abscisic acid-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade involved in antioxidant defense in maize leaves. New Phytol 175(1):36–50
Zhou JL, Wang XF, Jiao YL, Qin YH, Liu XG, He K, Chen C, Ma LG, Wang J, Xiong LZ (2007) Global genome expression analysis of rice in response to drought and high-salinity stresses in shoot, flag leaf, and panicle. Plant Mol Biol 63(5):591–608
Zhu GH, Ye NH, Zhang JH (2009) Glucose-induced delay of seed germination in rice is mediated by the suppression of ABA catabolism rather than an enhancement of ABA biosynthesis. Plant Cell Physiol 50(3):644–651
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31101132), the key public welfare scientific research project of Henan Province, and the project of construction key laboratory of water saving agriculture of Zhengzhou city (121PYFZX185).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Communicated by H. Li.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Teng, K., Li, J., Liu, L. et al. Exogenous ABA induces drought tolerance in upland rice: the role of chloroplast and ABA biosynthesis-related gene expression on photosystem II during PEG stress. Acta Physiol Plant 36, 2219–2227 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1599-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1599-4