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Influence of zinc on cadmium-induced toxicity in nodules of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi

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Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to alleviate heavy-metal stress in plants. The intent of the present work was to analyze accumulation of heavy metals (Cd and Zn) in nodules of two Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. genotypes and their subsequent impact on nitrogen fixation, oxidative stress, and non-protein thiols (glutathione and phytochelatins) with and without AM fungus Glomus mosseae. Accumulation of Cd and Zn in nodules resulted in sharp reduction in nodule number, nodule dry mass as well as nitrogen fixation (leghemoglobin and nitrogenase (N2ase)), although Cd had more pronounced effects than Zn. Cd-induced lipid peroxidation, H2O2 accumulation, and electrolyte leakage were largely reversed by Zn supplementation. Zn application significantly altered the negative effects of Cd on the synthesis of non-protein thiols, suggesting antagonistic behaviour of Zn. Higher concentration of Zn was more effective in lessening the negative effects of Cd than its lower concentration. Remarkable genotypic variation was found, with more severe effects of both the metals in P792 than Sel 85N. Glomus mosseae attenuated the phytotoxic effects of metals in nodules by decreasing metal uptake, oxidative stress, and by enhancing defense system ultimately leading to better nitrogen-fixing potential of pigeonpea nodules.

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Abbreviations

ARA:

Acetylene reduction activity

AM:

Arbuscular mycorrhiza

EL:

Electrolyte leakage

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione/glutathione disulphide

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

LHb:

Leghemoglobin

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

NP-SH:

Non-protein thiols

PCs:

Phytochelatins

PCS:

Phytochelatin synthase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TG:

Total glutathione

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Acknowledgments

The financial support from University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Neera Garg & Harmanjit Kaur

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  1. Neera Garg
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  2. Harmanjit Kaur
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Correspondence to Neera Garg.

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Communicated by W. Filek.

N. Garg and H. Kaur are equal contributors to the research, with N. Garg being the supervisor and H. Kaur, a research student.

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Garg, N., Kaur, H. Influence of zinc on cadmium-induced toxicity in nodules of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Acta Physiol Plant 34, 1363–1380 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-012-0933-y

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