Abstract
This present work aims to investigate the influence of organic dyes (methyl orange (MO), hexamethyl pararosaniline chloride (HPC)) doped with potassium hydrogen phthalate ammonium sulfate (KHPA) crystals. The solution-grown dye doped KHPA were examined using powder-XRD, FT-IR, UV–visible spectroscopy, dielectric, microhardness, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and antibacterial activity studies. PXRD spectrum revealed that the solution-grown crystal belongs to orthorhombic system with excellent cell parameters. The grain size of the dye doped KHPA crystal was found to be D = 26.609 nm. The FTIR spectral analysis was identified the presence of various functional groups and the UV spectrum showed absorbance around 280 nm for the solution-grown dye doped crystals of KHPA. The Tauc’s plots of pure KHPA exhibited band gap energy of 4.5 eV, whereas the band gap energies of MO and PHC doped KHPA crystals showed 4.25 eV and 4.13 eV, respectively. Thermal stability of the as-grown dye doped KHPA crystals was analyzed by TGA and DTA techniques. The dielectric study revealed that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss decreased while increasing the frequency, whereas the microhardness study showed that the dye-doped crystals belong to the soft material category. CV of dye-doped crystals exhibited a strong reduction potential wave at − 0.75 V for HPC doped KHPA and − 0.6 V for MO doped KHPA. EIS study exhibited the decrease in impedance with change in frequency indicating a negative temperature coefficient of resistance and low ion mobility of the dye doped KHPA crystals. The antibacterial study revealed that the Gram-negative bacteria have more resistivity than Gram-positive bacteria.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amuthambigai C, Guzman-Afonso C, Torres ME, SahayaShajan X (2016) Optical, spectral and dielectric studies of l-histidine added potassium hydrogen phthalate crystals. Optik 127:3292–3298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.12.022
Arul Jothi R, Vetrivel S, Gopinath S, Mullai RU, Johnson J, Vinoth E (2021) Synthesis, growth, and characterizations of picric acid mixed potassium hydrogen phthalate single crystal for non-linear optical applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32:20668–20678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06580-4
Babu Rao G, Rajesh P, Ramasamy P (2014) A study on the growth, optical, thermal, mechanical, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of dye doped KAP single crystals. Mater Res Bull 60:709–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.09.063
Balakrishnan C, Manonmani M, Vinitha G et al (2021) Effect of organic additive on the growth and characterization of potassium hydrogen phthalate crystals: third-order nonlinear optical properties. Mater Today: Procee 34(2):425–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.205
Bhagavannarayana G, Rajesh P, Ramasamy P (2010) Interesting growth features in potassium dihydrogen phosphate: unravelling the origin and dynamics of point defects in single crystals. J Appl Cryst 43:1372–1376. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889810033649
Carter DJ, Ogden MI, Rohl AL (2007) Mechanisms of dye incorporation into potassium sulfate: computational and experimental studies. J Phys Chem C 111(26):9283–9289. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp071177j
Chhibber S (2009) Biocontrol of antibiotic resistant bacteria using Bacteriophage: an emerging approach. In: Lawrance R, Gulati AK, Abraham G (eds) Antimicrobial Resistance: From Emerging Threat to Reality. Narosa Publishing House Pvt, Ltd, pp 7–10
Durgababu G, Nagaraju GJ, Bhagavannarayana G (2021) Effect of malachite green dye doping in tristhiourea zinc (II) sulfate single crystal—a potential nonlinear optical material. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32:2564–2578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-05023-w
Ishikawa H, Shikai N (1982) Critical load for median crack initiation in Vickers indentation of glasses. J Am Ceram Soc 65:c124–c127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1982.tb10496.x
Jiang X, Zhang L, Liu S, Zhang Y, He Z, Li W, Zhang F, Shi Y, Lu W, Li Y, Wen Q, Li J, Feng J, Ruan S, Zeng YJ, Zhu X, Lu Y, Zhang H (2018) Ultrathin metal-organic framework: an emerging broad band nonlinear optical material for ultrafast photonics. Adv Opt Mater 16:1800561–1800571. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201800561
John Sundaram S, Antony Raj A, Jerald Vijay R, Jaccob M, Muthupandi S, Sagayaraj P (2021) Investigation on nucleation, growth and physical properties of low soluble 4-N, N-dimethylamino-4-N’-methylstilbazolium 4-aminotoluene-3-sulfonate crystal—A potential NLO material. J Mol Struc 1241:130669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130669
Johnson J, Srineevasan R, Sivavishnu D (2018) Process development and characterization of centrosymmetric semi-organic nonlinear optical crystal: 4-dimethylaminopyridine potassium chloride. Physica B 538:199–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2018.03.038
Jothi RA, Mullai RU, Gopinath S et al (2021) Crystal growth, structural, optical, thermal, mechanical and dielectric studies on NLO active potassium hydrogen phthalate L-threonine semiorganic crystal for frequency conversion. Braz J Phys 51:1539–1549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-021-00965-w
Kajamuhideen MS, Sethuraman K, Sasikumar P, Shakila H (2019) Investigation on growth, physicochemical properties, density functional theory, and anti-microbial studies of a new organic acentric NLO crystal: Bis (2 aminobenzimidazolium) phthalate. Mater Sci Eng B 240:106–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2019.01.012
Kanimozhi D, Rajalakshmi M, Indirajith R (2022) Effects of Alizarin green dye in the growth, optical, mechanical and dielectric properties of glycine crystals. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33:3162–3174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-07518-6
Karuppasamy P, Thiruppathi D, Vijaya SJ et al (2015) Spectral, computational, electrochemical and antibacterial studies of Iron(III)–salen complexes. Arab J Sci Eng 40:2945–2958. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-1599-8
Karuppasamy P, Pandian M, Ramasamy P (2017) Crystal growth and characterization of third order nonlinear optical Piperazinium Bis(4- hydroxybenzenesulphonate)( P4HBS) single crystal. J Cryst Growth 473:39–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2017.05.018
Kejalakshmy N, Srinivasan K (2004) Growth, optical and electrooptical characterizations of potassium hydrogen phthalate doped with Fe3+ and Cr3+ ions. Opt Mat 27:389–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2004.09.005
Kumari M, Vijayan N, Nayak D, Kumar M, Gupta G, Pant RP (2020) Assessment of optical, mechanical, and nonlinear properties of potassium acid phthalate single crystal: a potential candidate for optoelectronic applications. Mater Res Express 7:015705
Kumari M, Vijayan N, Nayak D, Kumar M, Pant RP (2022) Investigation on semi-organic potassium acid phthalate single crystal for nonlinear optical applications, in book: crystal growth and characterization. Kolkata press books, Publisher, p 45
Lalitha P, Sinthiya A, Sugumari V, Kaushik P (2022) Growth dynamics and spectroscopic characterization strategies of ‘L-proline’ doped potassium hydrogen phthalate single crystal structural avenue. J Mol Struct 1249:131647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131647
Louis A, Lakshmanan J (2022) Synthesis, growth and characterization of benzophenone added sodium acid phthalate crystal—a potential material for nonlinear optical applications. J Met Mater Miner 10:15–27. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2022.101002
Mao C, Zhou G, Sun X, Li G, Wang J, Wu H, Sun W, Lu G (2019) Optical and thermal properties of l-tartaric doped KDP crystals. Optik 203:163967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163967
Meera K, Mathews SA, Muralidharan R (2019) Influence of rhodamine 6G dye on the properties of potassium acid phthalate single crystals. Appl Phys A 125:211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2507-y
Rajeshkumar S, Narayanasamy D, Ambalavanan P, Kumaresan P (2018) Investigations on dyes doped kdp crystals for possible non-linear optical applications. J Emerg Technol Innov Res 5(4):258–262
Rajkumar R, Praveen Kumar P (2019) Structure, crystal growth and characterization of piperazinium Bis(4-nitrobenzoate) dihydrate crystal for nonlinear optics and optical limiting applications. J Mol Struct 1179:108–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.10.085
Raju RK, Dharamaprakash SM, Jayanna HS (2015) Effect of NaCl doping on growth, characterization, optical and dielectric properties of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) crystals. Adv Mater Phys Chem 5:399–407. https://doi.org/10.4236/ampc.2015.510040
Reena Priya J, Mercina M, Nancy MP, Mary Linet J, Arul Martin Mani J (2022) Synthesis and characterization of rhodamine b and methylene blue doped potassium hydrogen phthalate single crystals. Mater Today: Procee 65(1):385–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.06.459
Sajikumar AC, Jishab VT (2019) Structural, optical, thermal and electrical properties of thiourea doped KHP crystal. Mater Today: Proc 11:944–951
Sajikumar AC (2016) effect of l-arginine on the growth and properties of potassium hydrogen phhalate single crystals. Asian J Sci Technol 7(8):3461–3463
Tamil Elakkiya M, Premkumar S, Sathiyendran M, Suresh P, Shanmugaiah V, Anitha K (2018) Structural, spectral, computational, thermal and antibacterial studies on a co-crystal: 2-Aminopyrazine phthalic acid. J Mol Struc 1173:635–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.07.022
Wustholz KL, Sluss DRB, Kahr B, Reid PJ (2008) Applications if single molecule microscopy to problems in dyed composite materials. Int Rev Phys Chem 27:167–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442350701819438
Zia AI, Syaifudin AR, Mukhopadhyay SC, Yu PL, Al- Bahadly IH, Gooneratne CP, Kosel J, Liao TS (2013) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy based MEMS sensors for phthalates detection in water and juices. J Phys: Conf Ser 439:012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/439/1/012026
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Dr.S.Gowri, Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Cauvery College for Women, Trichy and Y. Vincent Sagayaraj, Technician- ACIC, St. Joseph College, Trichy for helping analysis.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest in this manuscript.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Nirmalkumar, R., Ranjithdev Inbaseelan, C., Hemalatha, K. et al. Insight into the structural properties of methyl orange, hexamethyl pararosaniline chloride dyes doped potassium hydrogen phthalate ammonium sulfate crystals and their antibacterial applications. Chem. Pap. 77, 2237–2253 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02626-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02626-x