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Application of novel nanofiltration membranes embedded with mesoporous carbon based nanoparticles for desalination and dye removal

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Abstract

In this research, the application of mesoporous carbon CMK-3 and modified CMK-3 (M-CMK-3) to improve antifouling and rejection rate of polyethersulfone nanofiltration (NF) membrane was assessed. CMK-3 was modified with H-acid to increase hydrophilic characteristics of CMK-3. The synthesized CMK-3 and M-CMK-3 membranes revealed high values of pure water flux and flux recovery ratio (up to 95%) compared to bare NF membrane. Also, the performances of the membranes with optimum additive loading (0.1 wt%) of CMK-3 and M-CMK-3 in terms of rejecting different salts and dyes were compared. From the obtained results, the membrane embedded with M-CMK-3 showed higher rejection rate rather than bare NF membrane (up to 95% for Na2SO4 and 64% for CaCl2). As a result, the flux permeability was increased from 6.44 kg/m2 h for bare NF membrane to 20.11 kg/m2 h for the membrane embedded with M-CMK-3 with optimum additive loading. A higher rejection data for different dyes under different pH conditions (up to 90%) were reported for the synthesized membrane embedded with M-CMK-3. After all, from the obtained data, M-CMK-3 with higher negative surface charge presented a higher performance to remove salts and dyes rather than CMK-3. Therefore, M-CMK-3 could be a proper proposed additive to develop cost-effective NF membranes with high antifouling properties and super high filtration capacity for removing dyes and salts from wastewaters.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

CaAlg:

Calcium alginate

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

CPTMS:

3-(Choloropropyl)-trimethoxysilane

CS:

Chitosan

DR-16:

Direct red-16

DMAc:

Dimethylacetamide

EDX:

Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis

FRR:

Flux recovery ratio

FT-IR:

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

GO:

Graphene oxide

H-acid:

1-Amino-8-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid monosodium salt

MB:

Methylene blue

MMM:

Mixed matrix membranes

NF:

Nanofiltration

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PES:

Polyether sulfone

PS:

Polysulfone

PSF:

Polysulfone

PVP:

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone

P123:

Poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (propylene glycol)-blockpoly (ethylene glycol)

PWF:

Pure water flux

RB-19:

Reactive blue-19

RhB:

Rhodamine B

Rir:

Irreversible fouling ratio

rm:

Pore radius

RO:

Reverse osmosis

Rr:

Reversible fouling ratio

Rt:

Total fouling ratio

TMP:

Transmembrane pressure

Sa:

Highest roughness

Sq:

Root mean square of the Z data

Sz:

Highest peak and the lowest valley

SBA-15:

Santa Barbara Amorphous-15

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

TEOS:

Tetraethylorthosilicate

UF:

Ultrafiltration

WCA:

Water contact angle

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gas and Petroleum, Yasouj University, 75918-74831, Gachsaran, Iran

    A. Asadi

  2. Environmental Research Center (ERC), Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

    F. Gholami & A. A. Zinatizadeh

  3. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa

    A. A. Zinatizadeh

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahreza Branch (IAUSH), Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran

    H. Jaberi

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  1. A. Asadi
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  2. F. Gholami
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  3. A. A. Zinatizadeh
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  4. H. Jaberi
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Correspondence to A. Asadi.

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Asadi, A., Gholami, F., Zinatizadeh, A.A. et al. Application of novel nanofiltration membranes embedded with mesoporous carbon based nanoparticles for desalination and dye removal. Chem. Pap. 76, 1349–1363 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01944-w

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