Abstract
In this paper, we report the formation of new conjugates constituting single-wall nanotube (SWNTs) and multi-wall nanotube (MWNTs) comprising silver-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2/Ag) having outstanding antimicrobial and toxic properties. At first, the raw SWNTs and raw MWNTs were chemically treated with sulfuric acid and nitric acid to produce functionalized SWNTs (F-SWNTs) and functionalized MWNTs (F-MWNTs) surface. Then TiO2/Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were loaded with F-SWNTs and F-MWNTs using in situ sol–gel technique. The raw SWNTs, raw MWNTs, and conjugates’ samples were characterized via ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These measurements confirmed the loading of TiO2/Ag NPs on SWNTs and MWNTs walls. The optical band gap of R-SWNTs and R-MWNTs was decreased from 3.74 to 3.6 eV and from 3.9 to 3.64 eV, respectively, after decoration of TiO2/Ag. The XRD results confirmed the hexagonal structure of R-SWNTs and R-MWNTs with (002) plane, while the conjugates’ samples showed anatase phase of TiO2 with (101) plane. The R-SWNTs and R-MWNTs dispersions revealed poor killing ability toward both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In contrast, the prepared SWNTs–TiO2/Ag and MWNTs–TiO2/Ag conjugates exhibited significant inhibitory effect against bacterial strains after 24 h of incubation. The cytotoxicity of these newly developed conjugates was assessed toward uterine cancer (SiHa) cell and normal (WRL68) cell lines. The SWNTs–TiO2/Ag and MWNTs–TiO2/Ag conjugates were able to selectively kill tumor cells (~ 60 to 40%), whereas less affecting normal cells (~ 10%).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahamed M, Khan MAM, Akhtar MJ et al (2017) Ag-doping regulates the cytotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticle via oxidative stress in human cancer cells. Sci Rep 7:17662
Ali AA, Majid F, Habib H, Hedayat H, Mohammad RN (2015) TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on carbon nanotubes for enhanced visible-light photo-induced activity. J Mater Res Technol 4:126–132
Ali KA, Mustafa KAM, Haider AK (2016) Preparing and characterization of indium arsenide (InAs) thin films by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique. Optik 127:5834–5840
Anil K, Jasvir D, Sajjan D, Rajesh P, Sharma KD, Anil O, Maan AS (2019) In situ decoration of silver nanoparticles on single-walled carbon nanotubes by microwave irradiation for enhanced and durable anti-bacterial finishing on cotton fabric. Ceram Inter 45:1011–1019
Bing-Lei G, Ping H, Li-Chuan G, Yan-Qiang C, Ai-Dong L, Ji-Zhou K, Hai-Fa Z, Di W (2015) The antibacterial activity of Ta-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett 10:336
Ehsan D, Arya V, Ali N, Masoud K, Naushade Mu, Amit B (2017) Desorption of methylene blue dye from brown macroalga: effects of operating parameters, isotherm study and kinetic modeling. J Clean Prod 152:443–453
Gaurav S, Deepak P, Mu N, Kothiyal NC (2014) Fabrication, characterization and antimicrobial activity of polyaniline Th(IV) tungstomolybdophosphate nanocomposite material: efficient removal of toxic metal ions from water. Chem Eng J 251:413–421
Haider AJ, Mohammed MR, Al-Mulla EAJ et al (2014) Synthesis of silver nanoparticle decorated carbon nanotubes and its antimicrobial activity against growth of bacteria. Rend Fis Acc Lincei 25:403–407
Halin DSC, Abdullah MMA, Mohd S, Mahmed N, Mohd S, Abdul R (2018) Synthesis and characterization of Ag/TiO2 thin film via sol–gel method. Solid State Phenom 273:140–145
Hongzhi C, Xiantong Y, Manuel M, Feng X (2017) Effects of various surfactants on the dispersion of MWCNTs-OH in aqueous solution. Nanomaterials 7:262
Hossian MA, Elias M, Dali RS, Zidnia RD, Jannatul MM, Md Abul KA, Iqbal AS, Mohammed MR, Jamal U, Nizam U (2018) Synthesis of Fe- or Ag-doped TiO2-MWCNT nanocomposite thin films and their visible-light-induced catalysis of dye degradation and antibacterial activity. Res Chem Intermed 44:2667–2683
Javad S, Soheila GR (2014) Carbon nanotubes supported by titanium dioxide nanoparticles as recyclable and green catalyst for mild synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones/thiones. J Mol Struct 1065–1066:241–247
Jibrael RI, Mustafa KAM (2016) Production of graphene powder by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite electrodes immersed in aqueous solution. Optik 127:6384–6389
Maas M (2016) Carbon nanomaterials as antibacterial colloids. Materials 9:1–19
Manita T, Gaurav S, Tansir A, Ayman AG, Deepak P, Mu N (2017) Efficient photocatalytic degradation of toxic dyes from aqueous environment using gelatin-Zr(IV) phosphate nanocomposite and its antimicrobial activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 157:456–463
Minghao S, Lingdian Z, Li S, Shuhang H, Lei S (2013) Synthesis of ZnO coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their antibacterial activities. Sci Total Environ 452–453:148–154
Mohammad BA, Zoha TB, Majid S, Sedigheh BD, Payam V (2017) Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles and decorated multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with anatase TiO2 nanoparticles and study of optical properties and structural characterization of TiO2/MWCNT nanocomposite. Optik 149:447–454
Mohammad RM, Duha SA, Mustafa KAM (2019) Synthesis of Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles coated with carbon nanotubes by the sol–gel method and their antibacterial activities. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 90:498–509
Mustafa KAM, Ali KA, Khalaf HA (2016) Deposition of multi-layer graphene (MLG) film on glass slide by flame synthesis technique. Optik 127:9848–9852
Mustafa KAM, Duha SA, Mohammad RM (2019) Studying antimicrobial activity of carbon nanotubes decorated with metal-doped ZnO hybrid materials. Mater Res Exp 6:055404
Nadir A, Godlisten NS, Haider MS, Syed MI, Sung SP, Sun-Jeong J, Hee TK (2016) Inexpensive sol-gel synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotube-TiO2 hybrids for high performance antibacterial materials. Mater Sci Eng C 68:780–788
Naushad M (2014) Surfactant assisted nano-composite cation exchanger: development, characterization and applications for the removal of toxic Pb2+ from aqueous medium. Chem Eng J 235:100–108
Naushad M, Tansir A, Gaurav S, Ala’a HA, Ahmad BA, Mohammad MA, Zeid AA, Saad MA, Ayman AG (2016) Synthesis and characterization of a new starch/SnO2 nanocomposite for efficient adsorption of toxic Hg2+ metal ion. Chem Eng J 300:306–316
Rani B, Mu N, Gaurav S, Ameer A, Zeid AA (2017) Synthesis of polyaniline based composite material and its analytical applications for the removal of highly toxic Hg2+ metal ion: antibacterial activity against E. coli. Korean J Chem Eng 34:1970–1979
Rishu K, Harpreet K, Gaurav S, Mu N, Deepak P (2015) Electrochemical synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity. J Ind Eng Chem 31:173–184
Sekineh HL, Mohammad AP (2017) The effect of concentration ratio and type of functional group on synthesis of CNT–ZnO hybrid nanomaterial by an in situ sol-gel process. Int Nano Lett 7:25–33
Shivani D, Kapil S, Neena J (2016) Effect of highly dispersed sputtered silver nanoparticles on structural properties of multi walled carbon nanotubes. Mater Sci Semicond Proc 4:109–113
Sun T, Yan Y, Zhao Y et al (2012) Copper oxide nanoparticles induce autophagic cell death in A549 cells. PLoS ONE 7:e43442
Valmiki BK, Sagar DD, Shivaji HP (2016a) Photoinactivation of bacteria by using Fe-doped TiO2-MWCNTs nanocomposites. J Mater Sci Mater Med 27:177
Valmiki BK, Ananta GD, Abhinav VR, Nanasaheb DT, Shivaji HP, Sagar DD (2016b) Visible light photo-induced antibacterial activity of TiO2-MWCNTs nanocomposites with varying the contents of MWCNTs. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 328:50–58
Yin M, Huang D, Zhang X, Peng Y, Du J, Wei Y, Lian X, Hu Y, Chen W, Zhang YS (2018) Preparation of Ag@CNT nanohybrids and investigations on their antibacterial and cytotoxicological effects. Nanosci Nanotechnol Lett 10:1671–1676
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ahmed, D.S., Mohammed, M.K.A. & Mohammad, M.R. Sol–gel synthesis of Ag-doped titania-coated carbon nanotubes and study their biomedical applications. Chem. Pap. 74, 197–208 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-019-00869-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-019-00869-9