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Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) hull samples from Turkey: phenolic compounds, antioxidant properties, and cytotoxic activities against HeLa, MCF-7, OE-33, and ACC-201 cancer cell lines

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Abstract

The phenolic profiles, antioxidant properties, and cytotoxic activities of Pistacia vera L. hull sample extracts were investigated to contribute to the important research being conducted on the potential bioeconomic applications of plants worldwide. The top six compounds revealed by RP-HPLC-DAD in the flavonoid subgroup and phenolic acid extracts of the hull samples were gallic acid (6726 ± 58 µg/gDW), quercetin (2991 ± 96 µg/gDW), catechin (1170 ± 62 µg/gDW), myricetin (940 ± 35 µg/gDW), rutin (563 ± 28 µg/gDW), and protocatechuic acid (539 ± 9.3 µg/gDW). The flavonoids hesperidin, rutin, isorhamnetin, apigenin, and eupatorin and the phenolic acids benzoic acid, o-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and t-cinnamic acid were determined in P. vera hull samples for the first time in this study. Of the investigated antioxidant properties of the extracts, the DPPH· and HO· scavenging capacities were significant, with the best IC50 values of 2.08 ± 0.11 and 6.11 ± 0.36 ppm, respectively. Cytotoxic effects of the P. vera hull extracts were most commonly exhibited against the MCF-7 cell line, followed by OE-33, HeLa, and ACC-201. The top IC50 values were 25 ± 1.3 ppm for HeLa and MCF-7, 28 ± 2.0 ppm for ACC-201, and 40 ± 3.2 ppm for OE-33. These results suggest that P.vera hulls show promise for applications in food additives and medicine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, 35160, Buca-Izmir, Turkey

    Erkin Can Karaoglu

  2. Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, 35160, Buca-Izmir, Turkey

    Leman Tarhan

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  1. Erkin Can Karaoglu
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  2. Leman Tarhan
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LT—Conceptualization, supervision, research, visualization, editing, writing. ECK—Investigation, resources, validation, editing.

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Karaoglu, E.C., Tarhan, L. Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) hull samples from Turkey: phenolic compounds, antioxidant properties, and cytotoxic activities against HeLa, MCF-7, OE-33, and ACC-201 cancer cell lines. Food Measure 16, 2300–2313 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-022-01316-2

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