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Recovery of glycopeptides by enzymatic hydrolysis of edible bird’s nest: the physicochemical characteristics and protein profile

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Abstract

Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) is perceived as a priced product due to the complexity and laborious cleaning process to remove impurities embedded in the bird’s nest. However, during this operation, huge amount of EBN waste, which contains mainly of feathers with glycoproteins attached, are discarded. This research was aimed to recover EBN glycopeptides through enzymatic hydrolysis of the discarded waste (EBND), producing EBN hydrolysates (EBNhD) and compared with processed clean EBN (EBNA) and its hydrolysate (EBNhA). Results showed that significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) total amino acid content was found in the EBNh, by up to 59%, as compared to the raw EBN, especially in EBNhD. The protein efficiency ratio of EBNh (3.43–3.47) was higher than the raw EBN (3.00–3.13), indicating enzymatic hydrolysis reaction improved the protein quality with higher amount of essential amino acids. Both EBNh had significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) water activities compared to that of raw EBNs, and vice versa for total soluble solids, signifying improved stability and solubility after the enzymatic reaction. Significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) lightness (L*) and lower yellowness (b*) was reported in EBNh. In addition, EBNh showed significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) peptide, polysaccharide, and reducing sugar contents. Meanwhile, the recovered EBNhA and EBNhD, showed similar physicochemical properties, indicating the possibility of utilising EBN co-product as an alternative source of functional ingredient. This finding indicates the feasibility of EBN glycopeptides recovery through enzymatic hydrolysis especially from EBN co-product, which is beneficial to the EBN industry where EBN hydrolysate with enhanced quality at a lower price could be developed.

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Acknowledgements

This project was funded by the Dana Modal Insan (Grant No. MI-2019-003) research grant provided by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, and the International Collaboration Fund (Grant No. IF0119A1053) research grant provided by the Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change (MESTECC), Malaysia. The authors would like to acknowledge the Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and Mobile Harvesters Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. for providing the necessary facilities and samples for this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Su Rou Ng, Hidayati Syamimi Mohd Noor, Ravisangkar Ramachandran, Hui Yan Tan, Lee Sin Chang & Seng Joe Lim

  2. Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Jalan Nyabau, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Hui Yan Tan

  3. Mobile Harvesters Malaysia Sdn. Bhd, No. 13, Jalan Trompet 33/8, Taman Alam Indah, 40400, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Soo-Ee Ch′ng

  4. CAIQ Test Innovation (Malaysia) Service Centre, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Soo-Ee Ch′ng

  5. Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Abdul Salam Babji & Seng Joe Lim

  6. Centre for Innovation and Technology Transfer (INOVASI-UKM), Chancellery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Abdul Salam Babji

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  1. Su Rou Ng
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Correspondence to Lee Sin Chang or Seng Joe Lim.

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Ng, S.R., Mohd Noor, H., Ramachandran, R. et al. Recovery of glycopeptides by enzymatic hydrolysis of edible bird’s nest: the physicochemical characteristics and protein profile. Food Measure 14, 2635–2645 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-020-00510-4

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