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Freshness evaluation of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) by electronic nose

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Abstract

A novel grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) freshness rapid evaluation method using electronic nose (EN) was proposed in this paper. Total viable counts (TVC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were examined. EN responses to grass carp samples stored at 4 °C were continuously measured for 8 days. Microbial growth model was developed based on modified Gompertz regression. Results of TVC and GC–MS provided freshness references for EN analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and stochastic resonance (SR) were utilized in EN measurement data analysis. PCA qualitatively discriminated grass carp samples in different freshness. SR output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) eigenvalues (SNRmax) quantitatively discriminated freshness for all samples. Grass carp freshness evaluation model was developed by non-linear regression between SNRmax values and storage time. Validation experiments results demonstrated that the proposed grass carp freshness rapid evaluation method presented good forecasting accuracy. The proposed method is promising in aquatic product freshness analysis.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31471609).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), Pisa University, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Xiaoguo Ying, Angela Zinnai, Francesca Venturi & Chiara Sanmartin

  2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Rd.South Haida, Lincheng New Area, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, 316022, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoguo Ying & Shanggui Deng

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  1. Xiaoguo Ying
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Correspondence to Shanggui Deng.

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Conflict of interest

Author Xiaoguo Ying has received research grant from N National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31471609). Author Angela Zinnai has received research grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31471609). Francesca Venturi has received research grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31471609). Author Chiara Sanmartin has received research grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31471609). Author Shanggui Deng has received research grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31471609).

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Ying, X., Zinnai, A., Venturi, F. et al. Freshness evaluation of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) by electronic nose. Food Measure 11, 1026–1034 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-017-9478-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-017-9478-5

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