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Piroplasmid Infections Among Domestic Dogs in the Mountain City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to analyze the frequency of the piroplasmids in blood from dogs and ticks recovered from these animals in Teresópolis city, located in the mountain region of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. In addition to the clinical and hematological profile.

Methods

A total of 400 dogs attended in a veterinary clinic in this city between 2020 and 2021 were included. The blood was collected from the dogs, along with ticks and information on these dogs was obtained through a questionnaire applied to the owners. Thin-smear analyses and complete blood counts were performed. All forms characteristic of piroplasmids were measured and classified morphologically. The blood was also subjected to PCR assays based on the genes 18S rRNA and hsp70. In addition, the ixodid ticks were classified morphologically and subjected to PCR for piroplasmids research. The amplified products were sent for gene sequencing.

Results

Piroplasmids were detected in 2.3% of the dogs. The variables statistically associated with infections in these animals were hemorrhage/bleeding, jaundice, anisocytosis, activated monocytes and macroplatelets (p ≤ 0.05). Piriform, ring-shaped, oval and aberrant structures were viewed in erythrocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, with lengths greater than and less than 2.5 µm. The nine positive samples from these dogs were characterized as due to Rangelia vitalii. However, one sequence from B. vogeli was detected in a single adult specimen of R. sanguineus.

Conclusion

Although circulation of two species of piroplasmids potentially infective for domestic dogs has been observed in the mountain city of Rio de Janeiro, infection due to R. vitalii was mostly seen in the dogs of the present study.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Microbiology and Parasitology Multiuser Laboratory and the of Cryogen Laboratory at Federal Fluminense University for their technical and infrastructure support, Serra dos Órgãos University Center and the PCA (Veterinary Diagnostics Center) for their cooperation, the Malacology Laboratory of Oswaldo Cruz Institute for its loan of a stereoscopic microscope, all the dog owners for allowing their pets to participate in this study and A.S.B and M.R.A. are fellowshipers researchers of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq procedural number # 312037/2022-8 and 03701/2021-8).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Parasite Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil

    João Pedro Siqueira Palmer, Priscila Alves Fialho, Laís Lisboa Corrêa & Alynne da Silva Barbosa

  2. National Reference Laboratory on Vectors of Rickettsioses, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foudation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil

    João Pedro Siqueira Palmer & Gilberto Salles Gazêta

  3. Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil

    Marcos Rogério André

  4. Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24230-253, Brazil

    José André Lessa Damasceno

  5. Clinic School of Veterinary Medicine Luiz Cataldi de Souza, Serra Dos Órgãos University Center, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, 25976-345, Brazil

    Carolina Bistritschan Israel & Rafael Rempto Pereira

  6. Laboratory of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil

    Alynne da Silva Barbosa

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  1. João Pedro Siqueira Palmer
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. JPSP: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing—original draft preparation. GSG: Investigation, Methodology, Writing—review and editing. MRA: Formal Analysis, Methodology, Writing—original draft preparation. PAF: Investigation and Methodology. LLC: Formal Analysis, Methodology, Writing—review and editing. JALD: Investigation and Methodology. CBI: Investigation and Methodology. RRP: Investigation and Methodology. ASB: Conceptualization, Investigation Formal Analysis, Methodology, Supervisioin, Writing— review and editing. All authors read and approved the fnal manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alynne da Silva Barbosa.

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This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Fluminense Federal University (UFF) (no. 5544180320) and by the Human Ethics Committee of UFF (no. 31198620.1.0000.5243).

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Palmer, J.P.S., Gazêta, G.S., André, M.R. et al. Piroplasmid Infections Among Domestic Dogs in the Mountain City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Acta Parasit. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00843-w

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