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Rheumahandchirurgie in Zeiten einer modernen Basistherapie

Ein Auslaufmodell?

Hand surgery for rheumatoid arthritis in light of modern basic therapy

An obsolete model?

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Zusammenfassung

Weltweit ist etwa 1% der Bevölkerung von der rheumatoiden Arthritis betroffen. Die Lebensqualität dieser Patienten ist durch die Schmerzen und die Funktionseinschränkung beeinflusst, die zu Beginn der Erkrankung meist an den Händen und Füßen beobachtet werden. Dank den Fortschritten der Pharmakologie stehen heute verschiedene Kombinationen von Medikamenten zur Verfügung, unter anderem Methotrexat und Biologika, die frühzeitig und langfristig eingesetzt werden können. Die moderne Basistherapie hat in den letzten drei Dekaden die Rheumahandchirurgie in der Anzahl und Art der Eingriffe verändert. Invalidisierende Weichteil- und Gelenkschmerzen mit nachgewiesenen strukturellen Veränderungen stellen aber auch heute Indikationen für einen operativen Eingriff dar. Durch die protektive antiinflammatorische Potenz der modernen Basistherapeutika haben reine Weichteileingriffe wie Synovektomien und Tenosynovektomien in Ihrer Häufigkeit deutlich abgenommen. Im Gegensatz hierzu hat die Anzahl der Kunstgelenkimplantationen im Bereich der Finger gegenüber den Arthrodesen eher zugenommen, wobei neben der Rezentrierung der Fehlstellung auch eine Restbeweglichkeit erhalten werden kann. Die Rheumahandchirurgie stellt deshalb nach wie vor eine therapeutische Option in der multidisziplinären Behandlung von betroffenen Patienten auch im 21. Jahrhundert dar.

Abstract

Approximately 1% of the world population is affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The quality of life of these patients is restricted because of pain and functional limitations, which usually begins in the hands and feet. Due to progress in research and pharmacology, there are many combinations of drugs available, methotrexate and biologicals among others, which can be applied soon after diagnosis and over long periods of time. This modern basic therapy has led to a change in surgical interventions of the hand over the last 3 decades. Despite a declining number of surgical cases and new developments in rheumatic hand surgery, soft tissue and joint pain are still indications for surgery with the objective still being pain reduction and functional recovery. In addition to synovectomy, arthroplasties, instead of arthrodeses, offer a good possibility to reduce pain and restore function without loss of range of motion. Thus, although the number of procedures has decreased significantly, surgical intervention of the rheumatoid hand remains a valid option within the multidisciplinary treatment of RA patients.

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Correspondence to S.F. Schindele.

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Tami, I., Marks, M. & Schindele, S. Rheumahandchirurgie in Zeiten einer modernen Basistherapie. Obere Extremität 6, 240–245 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11678-011-0138-9

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