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Carbon sequestration in biomass and soil following reforestation: a case study of the Yangtze River Basin

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Abstract

The effect of reforestation on carbon sequestration has been extensively studied but there is less understanding of the changes that stand age and vegetation types have on changes in biomass carbon and soil organic carbon (SOC) after reforestation. In this study, 150 reforested plots were sampled across six provinces and one municipality in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) during 2017 and 2018 to estimate carbon storage in biomass and soil. The results illustrate that site-averaged SOC was greater than site-averaged biomass carbon. There was more carbon sequestered in the biomass than in the soil. Biomass carbon accumulated rapidly in the initial 20 years after planting. In contrast, SOC sequestration increased rapidly after 20 years. In addition, evergreen species had higher carbon density in both biomass and soil than deciduous species and economic species (fruit trees). Carbon sequestration in evergreen and deciduous species is greater than in economic species. Our findings provide new evidence on the divergent responses of biomass and soil to carbon sequestration after reforestation with respect to stand ages and vegetation types. This study provides relevant information for ecosystem management as well as for carbon sequestration and global climate change policies.

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Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to the farmers who helped us in the field. We would like to thank the lab staff of the Inner Mongolia Key Lab of River and Lake Ecology, Inner Mongolia University, for their support with the soil analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117570, Singapore

    Jianyu Wang & Xixi Lu

  2. Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, 26679, People’s Republic of China

    Claudio O. Delang

  3. School of Geography, South China Normal University, Shipai Campus, Guangzhou, 510631, People’s Republic of China

    Guolong Hou

  4. Inner Mongolia Key Lab of River and Lake Ecology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People’s Republic of China

    Lei Gao & Xixi Lu

  5. School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China

    Xiankun Yang

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Project funding: The work was supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [grant number 12305116].

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Appendix

Appendix

See Fig. 5 and Table 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

Fig. 5
figure 5

Biomass density variations with plant species diversity

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Table 4 Biomass carbon in AGB, litter, BGB and total carbon. AGB = aboveground biomass, BGB = belowground biomass
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Table 5 Soil carbon density and carbon sequestration. SOC = soil organic carbon
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Table 6 Estimate of fix effects on biomass carbon sequestration. Biomass carbon is a dependent variable. Province, vegetation type and age (covariate) are factors
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Table 7 Estimate of fix effects on SOC sequestration. SOC sequestration is a dependent variable. Province, vegetation type and age (covariate) are factors
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Table 8 Model Summary and Parameter Estimates (Dependent Variable: biomass density)
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Wang, J., Delang, C.O., Hou, G. et al. Carbon sequestration in biomass and soil following reforestation: a case study of the Yangtze River Basin. J. For. Res. 33, 1663–1690 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-021-01445-2

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