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Forming Appearance Analysis of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) Process

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Abstract

Compared with the first generation of duplex stainless steel (DSS), 2205 DSS have improved the steel's resistance to pore corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, and it is widely used in construction, marine and chemical industries. In this paper, ER2209 DSS welding wire is used as the additive material, and wire and arc additive manufacturing based on the cold metal transfer technology (CMT-WAAM) is used to explore the influence of process parameters on the forming appearance of single-layer single-pass specimens, multi-layer single-pass specimens (30th layer) and multi-layer multi-pass specimens (40th layer, 150 × 50 × 70 mm). At the same time, the relationship between the process parameters and the microstructure is observed. The reciprocating additive path is formed uniformly in multi-layer single-pass forming. When the overlap rate is 1/3 in single-layer multi-pass forming, the surface of deposition layer shows the best flatness. When the arc starting point of each layer coincides with the arc ending point of the previous layer, the forming effect is better. The grain size of the additive parts along the Y path is smaller than that of the X path and the ferrite content is more in the multi-layer multi-pass forming. From bottom to top, the austenite content gradually increases and the grain size becomes bigger. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the X1-direction, Y1-direction and Z1-direction under the X path are 820.6 MPa, 811.1 MPa and 762.0 MPa, respectively. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the X1-direction, Y1-direction and Z1-direction under the Y path are 829.7 MPa, 836.5 MPa, and 756.4 MPa, respectively. The tensile samples along the X path and the Y path show better tensile properties and tensile samples showed ductile fracture in all directions.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 52075228, 51805321 and 51911530211); the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant Number BK20191458); and the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province (Grant Number 20KJ430001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Kai Qi, Ruifeng Li, Zhenxing Hu, Xiaolin Bi, Taotao Li & Hangyu Yue

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Baosen Zhang

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  1. Kai Qi
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  2. Ruifeng Li
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  3. Zhenxing Hu
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  7. Baosen Zhang
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Correspondence to Ruifeng Li.

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Qi, K., Li, R., Hu, Z. et al. Forming Appearance Analysis of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) Process. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 31, 4631–4641 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-06587-w

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