Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Manganese on Synergistic Erosion–Corrosion Characteristics of A890 7A Hyper Duplex Stainless Steels

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work analyzes the synergy of corrosion and sand erosion during erosion–corrosion of A890 7A-duplex steel and the effect of manganese on it. The variations in material removal mechanisms at different velocities between 4 and 13 m/s were studied in 1% sand slurry with continuous corrosion monitoring for synergy analysis. Material removal at lower velocities was mainly contributed by corrosion-enhanced erosion. Contribution of corrosion-assisted mechanisms to material removal reduced as velocity increased, and as the slurry velocity approached 10 m/s, pure erosion became dominant. Electron microscopy of eroded surfaces revealed lip formations at lower velocities, and pits with severe plastic deformations as erosion became prominent. Study on the effect of manganese revealed that, at 13 m/s slurry velocity, the alloy with 5% manganese showed nearly 30% reduction in material removal rate compared to 1% manganese alloy. Whereas at low slurry velocity (4 m/s) where corrosion-assisted mechanisms dominate, no significant reduction was observed. Augmentation in the hardness of the alloy was caused by solid solution strengthening of manganese and nitrogen partitioning, which lead to the reduction in material loss due to pure erosion. Since, at lower velocities, corrosion-assisted mechanisms dominated, manganese did not show any significant influence on material removal rate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E. Hussain and A. Husain, Erosion-Corrosion of Duplex Stainless Steel under Kuwait Marine Condition, Desalination, 2005, 183, p 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.02.051

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Ranjbar, H.M. Ghasemi and M. Abedini, Effect of Impact Angle on the Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of AISI 420 Stainless Steel in 3 5 wt% NaCl Solution, ASME J. Tribol, 2015, 137(3), p 031604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. J.D. Escobar, E. Velasquez, T.F.A. Santos, A.J. Ramirez and DLopez D, , Improvement of Cavitation Erosion Resistance of A Duplex Stainless Steel Through Friction Stir Processing (FSP), Wear, 2013, 297, p 998–1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2012.10.005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. S. Zhuo, M. Stack and R.C. Newman, Characterisation of Synergistic Effects Between Erosion And Corrosion in Aqueous Environments Using Electrochemical Techniques, Corrosion, 1996, 52(12), p 934–946.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. M. Reyes and A. Neville, Degradation Mechanisms of Co-Based Alloy And WC Metal-Matrix Composites for Drilling Tools Offshore, Wear, 2003, 255, p 1143–1156.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. A. Neville, T. Hodgkiess and J.T. Dallas, A Study of The Erosion-Corrosion Behaviour Of Engineering Steels for Marine Pumping Applications, Wear, 1995, 186–187, p 497–507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. E.A.M. Hussain and M.J. Robinson, Erosion-Corrosion of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Flowing Seawater Containing Sand Particles, Corros. Sci., 2007, 49, p 1737–1754.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Aribo, R. Barker, X. Hu and A. Neville, Erosion-Corrosion Behaviour of Lean Duplex Stainless Steels in 3.5% Nacl Solution, Wear, 2013, 302, p 1602–1608.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. A.R. Hemmati, M. Soltanieh and S.M. Masoudpanah, Effect of Flow Velocity and Impact Angle on Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of Chromium Carbide Coating, ASME J Tribol, 2017, 139(3), p 031303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. N. Khayatan, H.M. Ghasemi and M. Abedini, Synergistic Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of Commercially Pure Titanium at Various Impingement Angles, Wear, 2017, 380, p 154–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. D. Lopez, J.P. Congote, J.R. Cano, A. Toro and A.P. Tschiptschin, Effect of Particle Velocity and Impact Angle On The Corrosion-Erosion Of AISI 304 And AISI 420 Stainless Steels, Wear, 2005, 259(1–6), p 118–124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J.Z. Yi, H.X. Hu, Z.B. Wang and Y.G. Zheng, On the Critical Flow Velocity for Erosion-Corrosion in Local Eroded Regions Under Liquid-Solid Jet Impingement, Wear, 2019, 422, p 94–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. B. Yu, D.Y. Li and A. Grondin, Effects of the Dissolved Oxygen and Slurry Velocity on Erosion–Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Aqueous Slurries with Carbon Dioxide and Silica Sand, Wear, 2013, 302(1–2), p 1609–1614.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. R.J. Chung, X. Tang, D.Y. Li, B. Hinckley and K. Dolman, Abnormal Erosion-Slurry Velocity Relationship of High Chromium Cast Iron With High Carbon Concentrations, Wear, 2011, 271(9–10), p 1454–1461.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. R. Gunn Ed., Duplex Stainless Steels: Microstructure, Properties and Applications, Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 1997

    Google Scholar 

  16. P.J. Hyun and H.S. Kwon, Development of High Mn–N Duplex Stainless Steel for Automobile Structural Components, Corros. Sci., 2008, 50(2), p 404–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Y.H. Yoo, Y.S. Choi, Y.G. Kim and Y.S. Park, Effect of Ce, La and Ba Addition on the Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Super Duplex Stainless Steels, Corros. Sci., 2010, 52(4), p 1123–1129.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. P.N. Raj, P.K. Navaneethkrishnan, K. Sekar and M.A. Joseph, Comparative Study of Mechanical, Corrosion and Erosion—Corrosion Properties of Cast Hyper-Duplex and Super-Duplex Stainless Steels, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2020, 27, p 954–961.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Rajkumar, S.P.K. Babu and A. Vallimanalan, Room-Temperature Erosion Behaviour of Nb-Stabilized 27Cr–7Ni–Mo–W–N Cast Hyper-Duplex Stainless Steel (Nb + CD3MWN - 7A), J. Inst. Eng. (India) Series D, 2018, 100, p 83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-018-0171-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M.A. Islam, Z.N. Farhat, E.M. Ahme and A.M. Alfantazi, Erosion Enhanced Corrosion and Corrosion Enhanced Erosion of API X-70 Pipeline Steel, Wear, 2013, 302(1–2), p 1592–1601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. E. Bardal, Corrosion and Protection, Springer, London, 2004.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Turenne, M. Fiset and J. Masounave, The Effect of Sand Concentration on the Erosion of Materials by a Slurry Jet, Wear, 1989, 133, p 95–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. R. Dasgupta, B.K. Prasad, A.K. Jha, O.P. Modi, S. Das and A.H. Yegneswaran, Effects of Sand Concentration on Slurry Erosion of Steels, Mater. Trans., 1998, 39, p 1185–1190.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. R.J.K. Wood and A.J. Speyer, Erosion-Corrosion of Candidate HVOF Aluminium-Based Marine Coatings, Wear, 2004, 256(5), p 545–556.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. H. Meng, X. Hu and A. Neville, A Systematic Erosion-Corrosion Study of Two Stainless Steels in Marine Conditions Via Experimental Design, Wear, 2007, 263(1–6), p 355–362.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. ASTM International, 2007, Standard Guide for Determining Synergism Between Wear and Corrosion, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, Standard No. G119-04.

  27. L. Wang, Y. Xing, Z. Liu, D. Zhang, C. Du and X. Li, Erosion-Corrosion Behaviour of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Wet Gas Environments, J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., 2016, 35, p 928–934.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Y. Zheng, Z. Yao, X. Wei and W. Ke, The Synergistic Effect Between Erosion and Corrosion in Acidic Slurry Medium, Wear, 1995, 186, p 555–561.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. M. Abedini and H.M. Ghasemi, Erosion and Erosion–corrosion of Al-Brass Alloy: Effects of Jet Velocity, Sand Concentration and Impingement Angle on Surface Roughness, Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China, 2017, 27(11), p 2371–2380.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Y. Li, G. Burstein and I. Hutchings, The Influence of Corrosion on the Erosion of Aluminium by Aqueous Silica Slurries, Wear, 1995, 186, p 515–522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. I. Finnie, Erosion of Surfaces by Solid Particles, Wear, 1960, 3(2), p 87–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. J.Y. Park and Y.S. Ahn, Effect of Ni and Mn on the Mechanical Properties of 22Cr Micro-duplex Stainless Steel, Acta Metallurgica Sinic-Engl., 2014, 28(1), p 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-014-0162-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Aribo, S., 2014, Corrosion and erosion-corrosion behaviour of lean duplex stainless steels in marine and oilfield environments, PhD thesis, University of Leeds

  34. H. YoungHa, C.J. Park and H.S. Kwon, Effects of Misch Metal on the Formation of Non-metallic inclusions and the Associated Resistance to Pitting Corrosion in 25% Cr Duplex Stainless Steels, Scripta Mater., 2006, 55, p 991–994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. M. Liljas, P. Johansson, H. Liu and C.A. Olsson, Development of a Lean Duplex Stainless Steel, Steel Res. Int., 2008, 79, p 466–473. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.200806154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. P. Paulraj and R. Garg, Effect of Intermetallic Phases on Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Duplex Stainless Steel and Super-Duplex Stainless Steel, Advances Science Technology Research Journal, 2015, 9, p 87–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. R.C. Newman and T. Shahrabi, The Effect of Alloyed Nitrogen or Dissolved Nitrate Ions on the Anodic Behaviour of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Hydrochloric Acid, Corros. Sci., 1987, 27(8), p 827–838. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(87)90040-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. A. Belfrouh, C. Masson, D. Vouagner, A.M. de Becdelievre, N. Prakash and J.P. Audouard, The Cumulative Effect of Alloying Elements N, W, Mo and Cu on the Corrosion Behaviour of 17Cr-13Ni Stainless Steel in 2N H2SO4, Corros. Sci., 1996, 38(10), p 1639–1648. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-938X(96)00033-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. G. Lothongkum, P. Wongpanya, S. Morito, T. Furuhara and T. Maki, Effect of Nitrogen on Corrosion Behavior of 28Cr–7Ni Duplex and Microduplex Stainless Steels in Air-Saturated 3.5 wt% Nacl Solution, Corros. Sci., 2006, 48, p 137–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2004.11.017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. C. Örnek, C. Leygraf and J. Pan, Passive Film Characterization of Duplex Stainless Steel using Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Combination with Electrochemical Measurements, Mater. Degrad., 2019 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-019-0071-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. S. Aoki, K. Ito, H. Yakuwa, M. Miyasaka and Ji. Sakai, Potential Dependence of Preferential Dissolution Behavior of A Duplex Stainless Steel in Simulated Solution Inside Crevice, Zair-to-Kankyo, 2011, 60, p 363–367.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. J.-S. Lee, K. Fushimi, T. Nakanishi, Y. Hasegawa and Y.S. Park, Corrosion behavior of ferrite and austenite phases on super duplex stainless steel in a modified green-death solution, Corros. Sci., 2014, 89, p 111–117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Marcus, P., Maurice, V., 2006, Passivity of Metals and Alloys, Materials Science and Technology, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co

  44. J. Li, Y. Xu, X. Xiao, J. Zhao, L. Jiang and J. Hu, A New Resource-Saving, High Manganese and Nitrogen Super Duplex Stainless Steel 25Cr–2Ni–3Mo–xMn–N, Material Science and Engineering A, 2009, 527(1–2), p 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.07.065

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. E. Folkhard, Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Springer, Vienna, 1988.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  46. Z. Feng, Y. Yang and J. Wang, Effect of Mn Addition on the Precipitation and Corrosion Behaviour of 22% Cr Economical Duplex Stainless Steel After Isothermal Aging at 800°C, J. Alloy. Compd., 2017, 699, p 334–344.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. C. Herrera, D. Ponge and D. Raabe, Design of a Novel Mn-based 1 GPa Duplex Stainless TRIP Steel with 60% Ductility by a Reduction of Austenite Stability, Acta Materialla, 2011, 59, p 4653–4664.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Toor, I. U. H., Hyun, P.J., Kwon H.S., 2008, Development of high Mn–N duplex stainless steel for automobile structural components Corrosion Science, 50, pp. 404-410

  49. L. Veleva, B. Tsaneva, P. Castro-Borges and M. Burova, Characterization of Passive Films Formed on Manganese Nickel-Free Stainless Steel Exposed to Simulated Concrete Pore Environment, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2012, 7, p 4121–4232.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. H. Santos, J. Leal and C. Sá, Nitrogen Effect in Microstructural Parameters of a Cast Duplex Stainless Steel, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2006, 14, p 524–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

Authors would like to thank DST (Department of Science and Technology), Govt. of India and Centre for Precision Measurements and Nanomechanical Testing, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, for providing the facility purchased under ‘Fund for Improvement of Science and Technology’ (FIST - No. SR/FST/ETI-388/2015) for the project work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. R&D Department, Peekay Steel castings Pvt. Ltd, Calicut, India

    P Nithin Raj & B Raha

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, India

    K Sekar & MA Joseph

Authors
  1. P Nithin Raj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B Raha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. K Sekar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. MA Joseph
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P Nithin Raj.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Raj, P.N., Raha, B., Sekar, K. et al. Effect of Manganese on Synergistic Erosion–Corrosion Characteristics of A890 7A Hyper Duplex Stainless Steels. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 31, 11–23 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-06148-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-06148-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation