Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Chromium Content in the Steel Substrate on the Coating Formation and Tribological Properties of Manganese Phosphate Coatings

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the literature and industrial experience, the effect of insufficient and poor manganese phosphate coating formation on steel with higher chromium content (> 1 wt%) is well known, but the reason for this limitation or the appearance and tribological performance of such coatings is not described sufficiently. This work describes the differences in structure and tribological properties of manganese phosphate coatings on different steels with up to 3 wt% of chromium and reveals the formation of amorphous and crystalline phosphate phases by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The tribological experiments were performed on a high load test setup with API modified as lubricant. Besides TEM also scanning electron microscopy, and focused ion beam cross sections were employed to investigate the microstructure and appearance of the coatings. Furthermore, this work describes the formation of tribologically superior coatings on martensitic steel with up to 3 wt% chromium.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. W. Rausch, “Die Phosphatierung von Metallen,” 3. überarb. Aufl, (Bad Saulgau), Leuze (2005)

  2. J. Bogi and R. Macmillan, Phosphate Conversion Coatings on Steel, J. Mater. Sci., 1977, 12(11), p 2235–2240.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. W. Machu, Über den Einfluß einer Vorbehandlung vor dem Phosphatieren auf die Eigenschaften von Phosphatschichten, Mater. Corros., 1963, 14(7), p 566–574.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. T.S.N. Sankara Narayanan, Surface Pretreatment by Phosphate Conversion Coatings - a Review, Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci., 2005, 9(2), p 130–177.

    Google Scholar 

  5. J. Duszczyk, K. Siuzdak, T. Klimczuk, J. Strychalska-Nowak and A. Zaleska-Medynska, Manganese Phosphatizing Coatings: The Effects of Preparation Conditions on Surface Properties, Materials, 2018, 11(12), p 2585.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. M.A. Hafeez, A. Farooq, A. Zang, A. Saleem and K.M. Deen, Phosphate Chemical Conversion Coatings for Magnesium Alloys: A Review, J. Coat. Technol. Res., 2020, 17(4), p 827–849.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. J.R. Davis, Ed., Surface Engineering for Corrosion and Wear Resistance, (Materials Park, OH), ASM International: Institute of Materials (2001)

  8. D. Ernens, E.J. van Riet, M.B. de Rooij, H.R. Pasaribu, W.M. van Haaften, and D.J. Schipper, The Role of Phosphate Conversion Coatings in Make-Up of Casing Connections, SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition, (The Hague, The Netherlands), Society of Petroleum Engineers (2017). https://doi.org/10.2118/184690-MS

  9. D. Ernens, G. Langedijk, P. Smit, M.B. de Rooij, H.R. Pasaribu and D.J. Schipper, Characterization of the Adsorption Mechanism of Manganese Phosphate Conversion Coating Derived Tribofilms, Tribol. Lett., 2018 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-018-1082-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. L. Zang, Y. Chen, L. Ran, Y. Zheng, K. Li and D. Ju, Comparative Study on the Friction Property of Bearing Steel Modified Bygraphite/MoS2 Composite Coating and Manganese Phosphate Coating, Mater. Sci., 2019, 25(4), p 383–393.

    Google Scholar 

  11. S. Zhao, X. Zhang, D. Yang, X. Wang, and Z. Meng, Galling Resistance of An Anti-Friction Coating on Oil-Casing Couplings, MATEC Web Conf., M. Jawaid and E.-R. Kenawy, Eds., (2016), 67, 04017

  12. D. Ernens, M.B. de Rooij, H.R. Pasaribu, E.J. van Riet, W.M. van Haaften and D.J. Schipper, Mechanical Characterization and Single Asperity Scratch Behaviour of Dry Zinc and Manganese Phosphate Coatings, Tribol. Int., 2018, 118, p 474–483.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. S. Azhaarudeen, A.A.M. Faruck and A. Nevosad, Tribological Behaviour and Wear Mechanisms of Manganese Phosphate Coatings Under Dry Reciprocating Sliding Contact Conditions, Tribol. Int., 2018, 122, p 189–199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Nevosad, S. Azhaarudeen, N. Doerr, H. Zacharias, J. Klarner and E. Badisch, Initial Damage Mechanism and Running-In Behaviour of Phosphate Conversion Coatings, Key Eng. Mater., 2016, 721, p 356–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. L. Fang, L. Xie, J. Hu, Y. Li and W. Zhang, Study on the Growth and Corrosion Resistance of Manganese Phosphate Coatings on 30CrMnMoTi Alloy Steel, Phys. Procedia, 2011, 18, p 227–233.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. J. Duszczyk, K. Siuzdak, T. Klimczuk, J. Strychalska-Nowak and A. Zaleska-Medynska, Modified Manganese Phosphate Conversion Coating on Low-Carbon Steel, Materials, 2020, 13(6), p 1416.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M.O.W. Richardson and R.E. Shaw, Phosphate Coatings, Corrosion, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-052351-4.50119-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. N.C. Debnath, Importance of Surface Preparation for Corrosion Protection of Automobiles, J. Surf. Eng. Mater. Adv. Technol., 2013, 03(01), p 94–105.

    Google Scholar 

  19. C. Galvan-Reyes, J.C. Fuentes-Aceituno and A. Salinas-Rodríguez, The Role of Alkalizing Agent on the Manganese Phosphating of a High Strength Steel Part 2: The Combined Effect of NaOH and the Amino Group (NH4OH, Mono-Ethanolamine and NH4NO3) on the Degradation Stage of the Phosphating Mechanism, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2016, 299, p 113–122.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. Zhang and H. Li, Influence of Manganese Phosphating on Wear Resistance of Steel Piston Material under Boundary Lubrication Condition, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2016, 304, p 530–536.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Y. Totik, The Corrosion Behaviour of Manganese Phosphate Coatings Applied to AISI 4140 Steel Subjected to Different Heat Treatments, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 200(8), p 2711–2717.

  22. U. Cihak-Bayr, G. Mozdzen, E. Badisch, A. Merstallinger and H. Winkelmann, High Plastically Deformed Sub-Surface Tribozones in Sliding Experiments, Wear, 2014, 309(1–2), p 11–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Nevosad, S. Azhaarudeen and H. Rojacz, Tribological Interaction of Manganese Phosphate Coatings with Grease and Solid Lubricant Particles, Tribol. Lett., 2020, 68(1), p 20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank voestalpine Tubulars Kindberg for the support and provision of knowledge in the field of industrial application of the manganese phosphating.

Funding

Presented results were realized in research projects with financial support from the participating project partners and the Austrian COMET program (Project InTribology, No. 872176). The COMET program is funded by the Austrian Federal Government and concerning InTribology by the provinces of Lower Austria and Vorarlberg.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2C, A-2700, Wiener Neustadt, Austria

    Andreas Nevosad & Wolfgang Molnar

  2. University Service Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy (USTEM), Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/057-02, A-1040, Vienna, Austria

    Sabine Schwarz

Authors
  1. Andreas Nevosad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wolfgang Molnar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sabine Schwarz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andreas Nevosad.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nevosad, A., Molnar, W. & Schwarz, S. Effect of Chromium Content in the Steel Substrate on the Coating Formation and Tribological Properties of Manganese Phosphate Coatings. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 30, 8057–8064 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05994-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05994-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation