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Effect of Laser Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Performance and Microstructural Evolution of AISI 1045 Steel-2017-T4 Aluminum Alloy Joints during Rotary Friction Welding

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Abstract

This paper evaluates the influence of laser power on the rotary friction welding (RFW) process to improve the mechanical performance and microstructural evolution of AISI 1045 steel and 2017-T4 aluminum alloy joints. As part of this evaluation, the absolute chemical determination of these materials was precisely measured using a GDOES bulk analysis. The application of laser power during friction welding is known as laser-assisted friction welding. To evaluate the effect of the energy from the laser on the rotary joining process of steel-aluminum, a laser-assisted rotary friction welding process was set up, and a design of experiments (DOE) applied. First, a DOE consisting of two factors at two levels was used to evaluate the effect of friction pressure and rotational speed on the hardness and tensile strength of the weldment. Then, a mixed DOE of three factors at two and three levels was implemented to investigate the effect laser heat treatment has on the process. It was concluded that the application of a laser heat treatment plays a significant role in the resulting mechanical performance and microstructural evolution of RFW steel-aluminum joints. Increasing both the ultimate tensile strength and the thickness of the Al(Fe, Cu) interface reaction layer between the joined materials.

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Acknowledgments

To Professor Timothy Gutowski from the MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering for commenting on this manuscript. To English UC for having thoroughly proofread the English in this manuscript. This study has been completed with the financial support of the SENESCYT-Ecuador Grants Number ARSEQ-BEC-0043-2012 and ARSEQ-BEC-000329-2017; Materials Science Laboratory Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE-Ecuador); Research Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (CIEN-PUC); University of Notre Dame, Materials Characterization Facility, School of Engineering, ANID FONDECYT project #1201068 and FONDEQUIP EQM160091.

Funding

SENESCYT Grants Number ARSEQ-BEC-0043-2012 and ARSEQ-BEC-000329-2017, and ANID FONDECYT Project #1201068.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile

    José Luis Mullo, Jorge Andrés Ramos-Grez & Germán Omar Barrionuevo

  2. Carrera de Tecnología Superior en Mecánica Automotriz, Instituto Superior Tecnológico Ciudad de Valencia (ISTCV), Quevedo, Ecuador

    José Luis Mullo

  3. Research Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (CIEN-UC), Av. Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile

    Jorge Andrés Ramos-Grez

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  1. José Luis Mullo
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Contributions

JLM involved in original idea of the paper, literature review, design of experiments, experimental setup, and data generation: microhardness and microstructural evaluation, tensile testing, analysis of variance, manuscript writing and funding. JARG participated in original conceptualization of the paper, close supervision and guidance during the research process, critical advice, and data generation: scanning electron microscopy, GDOES and WDS data collection, manuscript proofreading and funding. GOB involved in literature review, statistical analysis of experimental data, critical advice, and manuscript proofreading.

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Correspondence to Jorge Andrés Ramos-Grez.

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Mullo, J.L., Ramos-Grez, J.A. & Barrionuevo, G.O. Effect of Laser Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Performance and Microstructural Evolution of AISI 1045 Steel-2017-T4 Aluminum Alloy Joints during Rotary Friction Welding. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 30, 2617–2631 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05614-6

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