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Interfacial Strength Evaluation of Oxide Films on Carbon Steel by Using the Laser Shock Adhesion Test

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Abstract

We investigate the adhesion strength (interfacial strength) of the oxide film formed on a carbon steel substrate by using a laser shock adhesion test (LaSAT). A rolled carbon steel (SS400) plate is first heated at high temperature (700 °C) under the atmosphere (heat treatment) to cause the formation of oxide films about 20-50 μm thick on the steel surface. The film consisted of multiple layers, including wustite (FeO), magnetite (Fe3O4), and hematite (Fe2O3). Next, the x-ray diffraction method was used to measure the residual stress in the film. We find that compression stress develops in the film because of a mismatch of thermal strain in between the film and substrate after the heat treatment. With LaSAT, strong elastic wave generates by a pulsed laser ablation of the substrate backside, and results in interfacial fractures in the oxide films. To monitor the normal (out-of-plane) displacement of the top surface film, a laser ultrasonic interferometer is simultaneously utilized, such that we detect film delamination and determine the critical laser energy for interfacial fracture to obtain the critical stress (interfacial strength). Furthermore, additional pulsed laser irradiation is conducted against a pre-delaminated specimen in order to examine the growth of delamination area and evaluate the interfacial fracture toughness. Finally, elastic wave propagation in the sample is computed using the finite element method (FEM) in order to evaluate the interfacial stress field, accurately. For the FEM, multiple layers in the oxide film are modeled, and the residual stress due to thermal strain mismatch is introduced. The FEM computations reveal the stress distribution around the interface and evaluate the critical stress and critical stress intensity factor for delamination. We thus quantitatively evaluate the interfacial strength and interfacial fracture toughness of the oxide film formed on carbon steel. The mechanism of interfacial fracture is also discussed on the basis of microstructures in a film with multiple layers. This result may be useful for understanding the adhesion quality of oxide film during the hot-rolling process.

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Notes

  1. The top layer of Fe2O3 was not included, since this was not visually observed in Fig. 2 because of very low thickness.

  2. The horizontal axis in Fig. 13 is r/a. The distance from the crack tip, r, is normalized by the initial delamination length, a.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant No. 17K06062) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and by a research grant from JFE Twenty-first Century Foundation. A part of this work was conducted at the Advanced Characterization Nanotechnology Platform of the University of Tokyo, and supported by the “Nanotechnology Platform” of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan.

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  1. Department of Precision Mechanics, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan

    Yusaku Saito, Hiroki Watanabe, Takeshi Yamada, Kohei Kanamori & Akio Yonezu

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  1. Yusaku Saito
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Saito, Y., Watanabe, H., Yamada, T. et al. Interfacial Strength Evaluation of Oxide Films on Carbon Steel by Using the Laser Shock Adhesion Test. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 28, 4762–4773 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-04246-1

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