Abstract
Uniaxial tension and press forming tests were carried out at two different strain rates and temperatures to investigate the formability of fine-grained AZ31B-O Mg alloy thin sheet. Formability parameters were determined by tensile test results. The tensile properties and formability parameters were correlated with the forming limit diagrams. The present work focused on the effects of loading orientation and deformation rate on formability. Anisotropic behaviors were observed in the mechanical properties. Maximum strengths were obtained in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (RD). It can be concluded that the formability of the rolled fine-grained AZ31B-O Mg alloy sheet can be influenced by loading orientation and deformation rate. Stretch formability can be enhanced at a higher deformation rate, resulting from a lower anisotropy and a higher work hardening effect. In contrast, the drawing processes can be performed at a lower deformation rate to take advantage of a higher anisotropic behavior. Specimens with the RD parallel to the major strain in the press forming tests can enhance stretch formability, whereas specimens with the RD perpendicular to the major strain can improve deep-drawability.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y. Kojima and S. Kamado, Fundamental Magnesium Researches in Japan, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2005, 488–489, p 9–16
R.S. Beals, C. Tissington, X.K. Zhang, J. Petrillo, M. Verbrugge, and M. Pekguleryuz, Magnesium Global Development: Outcomes from the TMS 2007 Annual Meeting, J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc., 2007, 59, p 39–42
S.R. Agnew and Ö. Duygulu, Plastic Anisotropy and the Role of Non-basal Slip in Magnesium Alloy AZ31B, Int. J. Plast., 2005, 21, p 1161–1193
E. Doege and K. Dröder, Sheet Metal Forming of Magnesium Wrought Alloys—Formability and Process Technology, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2001, 115, p 14–19
Y. Chino, K. Kimura, and M. Mabuchi, Deformation Characteristics at Room Temperature Under Biaxial Tensile Stress in Textured AZ31 Mg Alloy Sheets, Acta Mater., 2009, 57, p 1476–1485
E. Yukutake, J. Kaneko, and M. Sugamata, Anisotropy and Non-uniformity in Plastic Behavior of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Plates, Mater. Trans., 2003, 44, p 452–457
K. Iwanaga, H. Tashiro, H. Okamoto, and K. Shimizu, Improvement of Formability from Room Temperature to Warm Temperature in AZ-31 Magnesium Alloy, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2004, 155–156, p 1313–1316
Y. Chino, K. Sassa, A. Kamiya, and M. Mabuchi, Enhanced Formability at Elevated Temperature of a Cross-Rolled Magnesium Alloy Sheet, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, 441, p 349–356
Y. Chino, K. Sassa, and A. Kamiya, Stretch Formability at Elevated Temperature of a Cross-Rolled AZ31 Mg Alloy Sheet with Different Rolling Routes, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2008, 473, p 195–200
Y. Chino, H. Iwasaki, and M. Mabuchi, Stretch Formability of AZ31 Mg Alloy Sheets at Different Testing Temperatures, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2007, 466, p 90–95
F.K. Chen, T.B. Huang, and C.K. Chang, Deep Drawing of Square Cups with Magnesium Alloy AZ31 Sheets, Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf., 2003, 43, p 1553–1559
Y.S. Lee, M.C. Kim, S.W. Kim, Y.N. Kwon, S.W. Choi, and J.H. Lee, Experimental and Analytical Studies for Forming Limit of AZ31 Alloy on Warm Sheet Metal Forming, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2007, 187–188, p 103–107
D. Ravi Kumar, A. Sen, and K. Swaminathan, The Formability and Texture Level of a Recent Automotive Stamping Grade Al-Mg-Mn Alloy, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1994, 13, p 971–973
W.F. Hosford, Reflections on the Dependence of Plastic Anisotropy on Texture, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1998, 257, p 1–8
J. Koike, Enhanced Deformation Mechanisms by Anisotropic Plasticity in Polycrystalline Mg Alloys at Room Temperature, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2005, 36A, p 1689–1696
H. Yoshinaga and R. Horiuchi, On the Nonbasal Slip in Magnesium Crystals, Trans. JIM, 1963, 5, p 14–21
P. Lukác and Z. Trojanová, Hardening and Softening in Selected Magnesium Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2007, 462, p 23–28
K. Máthis, K. Nyilas, A. Axt, I. Dragomir-Cernatescu, T. Ungár, and P. Lukáč, The Evolution of Non-basal Dislocations as a Function of Deformation Temperature in Pure Magnesium Determined by X-ray Diffraction, Acta Mater., 2004, 52, p 2889–2894
H.Y. Wu and W.C. Hsu, Tensile Flow Behavior of Fine-Grained AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Thin Sheet at Elevated Temperatures, J. Alloys Compd., 2010, 493, p 590–594
A. Jäger, P. Lukáč, V. Gärtnerová, J. Bohlen, and K.U. Kainer, Tensile Properties of Hot Rolled AZ31 Mg Alloy Sheets at Elevated Temperatures, J. Alloys Compd., 2004, 378, p 184–187
R. Narayanasamy and C. Sathiya Narayanan, Forming Limit Diagram for Interstitial Free Steels. Part I, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2005, 399, p 292–307
X.S. Huang, K. Suzuki, A. Watazu, I. Shigematsu, and N. Saito, Improvement of Formability of Mg-Al-Zn Alloy Sheet at Low Temperatures Using Differential Speed Rolling, J. Alloys Compd., 2009, 470, p 263–268
S. Yi, J. Bohlen, F. Heinemann, and D. Letzig, Mechanical Anisotropy and Deep Drawing Behaviour of AZ31 and ZE10 Magnesium Alloy Sheets, Acta Mater., 2010, 58, p 592–605
T. Al-Samman, Comparative Study of the Deformation Behavior of Hexagonal Magnesium-Lithium Alloys and a Conventional Magnesium AZ31 Alloy, Acta Mater., 2009, 57, p 2229–2242
S.R. Agnew, J.W. Senn, and J.A. Horton, Mg Sheet Metal Forming: Lessons Learned from deep drawing Li and Y Solid-Solution Alloys, J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc., 2006, 58, p 62–69
Y. Chino and M. Mabuchi, Enhanced Stretch Formability of Mg-Al-Zn Alloy Sheets Rolled at High Temperature (723 K), Scripta Mater., 2009, 60, p 447–450
X. Huang, K. Suzuki, and N. Saito, Enhancement of Stretch Formability of Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy Sheet Using Hot Rolling at High Temperatures up to 823 K and Subsequent Warm Rolling, Scripta Mater., 2009, 61, p 445–448
X. Huang, K. Suzuki, Y. Chino, and M. Mabuchi, Improvement of Stretch Formability of Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy Sheet by High Temperature Rolling at Finishing Pass, J. Alloys Compd., 2011, 509, p 7579–7584
K.F. Zhang, D.L. Yin, and D.Z. Wu, Formability of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheets at Warm Working Conditions, Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf., 2006, 46, p 1276–1280
Acknowledgments
This work was conducted through grants from National Science Council under the contract no. NSC 95-2212-E-216-009 and Chung Hua University under the contract no. CHU NSC 95-2212-E-216-009.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, HY., Sun, PH., Chen, HW. et al. Rate and Orientation Dependence of Formability in Fine-Grained AZ31B-O Mg Alloy Thin Sheet. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 21, 2124–2130 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-012-0136-0
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-012-0136-0