Abstract
Multiwall nanotube composites with epoxy matrix were synthesized by sonication. Thermal conductivity of the composite samples was determined by a transient thermoreflectance method using indium film as a transducer. The thermal conductivity normal to the surface followed percolation behavior. The presence of higher mass fraction of MWNTs near the surface, and the higher purity and the larger aspect ratio of MWNTs were found to be responsible for significant improvement in thermal conductivity of the composites. The barrier to conduction was found to be the width of the epoxy film separating the MWNTs. Modeling analysis showed that the interface thermal conductance between MWNTs is fairly large and is not a limiting factor for the improvement in the thermal conductivity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E. Brown, H. Ling, J.C. Gallop, and J.C. Macfarlane, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 23107 (2005).
P.R. Bandaru, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 7, 1 (2007).
P. Kim, L. Shi, A. Majumdar, and P.L. McEuen, Phys. B 323, 67 (2002).
E. Pop, D. Mann, W. Qian, K.E. Goodson, and D. Hongjie, Nano Lett. 6, 5 (2006).
P. Bonnet, D. Sireude, B. Garnier, and O. Chauvet, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 201910 (2007).
C.H. Liu, H. Huang, Y. Wu, and S.S. Fan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4248 (2004).
C.W. Nan, Z. Shi, and Y. Lin, Chem. Phys. Lett. 375, 666 (2003).
S. Shenogin, L. Xue, R. Ozisik, P. Keblinski, and D.G. Cahill, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 8136 (2004).
A. Yu, M.E. Itkis, E. Bekyarova, and R.C. Haddon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 133102 (2006).
S. Shenogin, A. Bodapati, L. Xue, R. Ozisik, and P. Keblinski, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2229 (2004).
Y.A. Kim, S. Kamio, T. Tajiri, T. Hayashi, S.M. Song, M. Endo, M. Terrones, and M.S. Dresselhaus, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 93125 (2007).
T. Tao, Z. Yang, L. Delzeit, A. Kashani, M. Meyyappan, and A. Majumdar, IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Technol. 30, 92 (2007).
R. Prasher, Proc. IEEE 94, 1571 (2006).
M.A. Panzer, G. Zhang, D. Mann, X. Hu, E. Pop, H. Dai, and K.E. Goodson, ASME J. Heat Transfer 130, 05241 (2008).
H. Zhong and J.R. Lukes, Phys. Rev. B 74, 125403 (2006).
R. Prasher, X.J. Hu, Y. Chalopin, N. Mingo, K. Lofgreen, S. Volz, F. Cleri, and P. Keblinski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 105901 (2009).
J. Yang, S. Waltermire, Y. Chen, A.A. Zinn, T.T. Xu, and D. Li, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 023109 (2010).
S.T. Huxtable, D.G. Cahill, S. Shenogin, L. Xue, R. Ozisik, P.A. Barone, M. Usrey, M.S. Strano, G. Siddons, M. Shim, and P. Keblinski, Nature Mater. 2, 731 (2003).
M.B. Bryning, D.E. Milkie, M.F. Islam, J.M. Kikkawa, and A.G. Yodh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 161909 (2005).
N. Shenogina, S. Shenogin, L. Xue, and P. Keblinski, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 133106 (2005).
G.D. Liang and S.C. Tjong, Mater. Chem. Phys. 100, 132 (2006).
E. Kymakis and G.A.J. Amartunga, J. Appl. Phys. 99, 084302 (2006).
A.V. Kyrylyuk, C. Hermant, and T. Schilling, Nat Nanotechnology 6, 364 (2011).
M. Brown and K. Jagannadham, J. Compos. Mat. 47, 3413 (2013).
M. Russ, S. Rahatekar, K. Koziol, H.-X. Peng, and B. Farmer, 18th International Conference on Composite Materials, pp. 1–6, 2011, ICCM18, Jeju, Korea.
M.J. Biercuk, M.C. Llaguno, M. Radosavljevic, J.K. Hyun, A.T. Johnson, and J.E. Fischer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 2767 (2002).
S.-Y. Yang, C.-C.M. Ma, C.-C. Teng, Y.-W. Huang, S.-H. Liao, Y.-L. Huang, H.-W. Tien, T.-M. Lee, and K.-C. Chiou, Carbon 48, 592 (2010).
F.H. Gojny, M.H.G. Wichmann, B. Fiedler, I.K. Kinloch, W. Bauhofer, A.W. Windle, and K. Schulte, Polymer 47, 2036 (2006).
B.-W. Kim, S.-H. Park, R.S. Kapadia, and P.R. Bandaru, Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 243105 (2013).
D.G. Cahill, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 5119 (2004).
H. Zheng and K. Jaganandham, J. Electron. Materials 43, 320 (2014).
K. Jaganandham, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 32, 051101 (2014).
F. Deng, Q.-S. Zheng, L.-F. Wang, and C.-W. Nan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 021914 (2007).
J.O. Aguilar, J.R. Bautista Quijano, and F. Aviles, Exp. Polym. Lett. 4, 292 (2010).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Brown, M., Jagannadham, K. Thermal Conductivity of MWNT–Epoxy Composites by Transient Thermoreflectance. J. Electron. Mater. 44, 2624–2630 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-015-3669-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-015-3669-9