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Avrami Model for the Description of Nucleation and Growth of Tellurium During Cementation by Copper in the Sulfate Media

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Abstract

Tellurium (Te) cementation is one of the popular methods which Cu2Te has been known the major product, and homogenous models were defined as the kinetic mechanism of the reaction. However, observations dose not confirm this mechanism, for there is a stopping time at the beginning of the process, and then reaction rate increase significantly. Thus, the present work has investigated the Te cementation mechanism by copper chops in the sulfate medial, and the influence of H2SO4, CuSO4, Te concentration, Temperature, copper chops size and ratio were studied. The Avrami model, based on the nucleation and growth of copper telluride phase, was selected as a desired kinetic mechanism in the process. The exponent number in the Avrami model became 1.25. Besides, the effect of various factors was studied to specify the order of the H2SO4, CuSO4, Te concentration, copper particle size, and solid copper ratio in the cementation rate equation are 1.5675, 0.9643, 0.9755, −0.1455, 0.5288, respectively. Additionally, the apparent activation energy of the reaction is 97.237 kJ mol−1. The SEM images and XRD patterns approve Cu2Te formation by solid copper as Cu2Te sediments are distributed in the microstructure. Therefore, the initial embryo of copper telluride was form in the solution and is grown via the Avrami model.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnique), 1591634311, Tehran, Iran

    Seyedreza Hosseinipour, Eskandar Keshavarz Alamdari & Nima Sadeghi

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  1. Seyedreza Hosseinipour
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  2. Eskandar Keshavarz Alamdari
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  3. Nima Sadeghi
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Correspondence to Eskandar Keshavarz Alamdari.

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Hosseinipour, S., Alamdari, E.K. & Sadeghi, N. Avrami Model for the Description of Nucleation and Growth of Tellurium During Cementation by Copper in the Sulfate Media. Metall Mater Trans B 54, 2670–2679 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02865-7

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