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Numerical Simulation of Inclusion Distribution in Vacuum Arc Remelting Ingot

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Abstract

The electronic scanning microscope is applied to analyze the inclusion distribution in the ingot middle part. It is observed that the large-size inclusions are mainly located at a distance of 1.6 mm from side surface. With the distance increasing, the area fraction, number density, and diameter of inclusion decrease clearly. As the inclusion is assumed as spherical, the melt flow, solidification, and particle redistribution are simulated by a coupled model. With the electric power applied, the electromagnetic force shows a maximum in the ingot edge part, which pushes liquid from the edge part to the inner part. The particle movement is both affected by fluid flow and particle buoyancy force. In the earlier remelting stage, fluid flow is dominated by electromagnetic force and it drives the particle moving from the inner top part to the ingot bottom, where it can be captured. As the liquid pool depth increases in the later stage, the thermal flow drives the particle moving along the solidification front. Due to particle buoyancy, the 50 μm diameter particle floats up, and it is mainly located in the ingot side surface. For the 2 or 10 μm particle, it still exists in the inner part.

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Acknowledgments

Authors are grateful for the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51904024 and U22A20171), the High Steel Center (HSC) at North China University of Technology and University of Science and Technology Beijing.

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On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China

    Dongbin Jiang & Ying Ren

  2. School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing, 100144, P.R. China

    Lifeng Zhang

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  1. Dongbin Jiang
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  2. Ying Ren
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Correspondence to Lifeng Zhang.

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Jiang, D., Ren, Y. & Zhang, L. Numerical Simulation of Inclusion Distribution in Vacuum Arc Remelting Ingot. Metall Mater Trans B 54, 1342–1351 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02765-w

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