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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Charging Biochar Composite Briquette in Blast Furnace for Reducing CO2 Emissions: Combined Numerical and Experimental Investigations

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This article was retracted on 28 April 2023

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Abstract

A combined experimental and numerical analysis was conducted in this research on charging biochar composite briquette (BCB) to blast furnace (BF). The BCB used in this study was constituted of 10.10 wt pct carbon, 72.21 wt pct magnetite, 11.25 wt pct wustite, and 0.77 wt pct metallic iron. The reaction kinetics of BCB was determined using isothermal reaction tests under a simulated BF atmosphere. Numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate the BCB reaction behavior in BF and its effect on BF performance when 20 mass pct ore was substituted with BCB. The investigations revealed that, when ags = 1750 m2/m3, the predictions of the previously suggested composite briquette model accorded well with the experimental measurements. The findings of numerical simulations indicated that when the BCB was charged, it exhibited a rapid self-reduction in the temperature range of 600 °C to 900 °C (873 K to 1173 K). The BCB iron-oxide reduction and biochar gasification were completed above the cohesive zone. In the BCB charging operation, ore reduction was retarded in the solid temperature range less than 900 °C (1173 K), and it was prompted in the solid temperature range greater than 900 °C (1173 K). Local gas utilization increased in the mid-shaft and decreased at the burden surface. By charging BCB to BF, it was possible to increase BF productivity by 142 tHM/day, to decrease coke rate by 56.2 kg/tHM, to decrease PC rate by 8.9 kg/tHM, and to decrease BF CO2 emissions by 113 kg CO2/tHM.

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Abbreviations

A :

Specific area of solid burden (m2/m3)

a gs :

Specific surface of iron-oxide particles in BCB (m2/m3)

Cp:

Heat capacity, (J/kg/K)

d :

Diameter, diameter of BCB (m)

D, D eff :

Gas diffusivity, effective gas diffusivity (m2/s)

E :

Enthalpy source (J/m3/s)

f i :

Reaction fraction or biochar conversion of reaction i in Table 6 (–)

H :

Total enthalpy (J/kg)

ΔH i :

Reaction heat (J/kmol)

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (W/m2/K)

k i :

Reaction rate constant of reaction i in Table 6 (m/s, kg/s/atm)

K i :

Equilibrium constant of reaction i in Table 6 (–)

m :

Mass supply/consumption rate of the given element (kg/s)

M :

Molar weight (kg/kmol)

MSE:

Mean square error (–)

P :

Pressure (Pa)

Pr :

Prandtl number (–)

R :

Gas constant (8.314 J/mol/K)

Re :

Reynolds number (–)

R i :

Chemical reaction rate of reaction i in Table 3 (kmol/m3/s)

r :

Radial direction in BCB or BF (m)

r i :

Chemical reaction rate of reaction i in Table 6 (mol/m3/s)

S :

Source, units vary

Sc :

Schmidt number (–)

T :

Temperature (K)

t :

Time (s)

V cell :

Cell volume (m3)

y :

Mass fraction (–)

α :

BCB porosity (–)

\(\varepsilon\) :

Volume fraction

\(\xi\) :

Tortuosity factor in BCB (–)

\(\phi ,\theta\) :

General dependent variable

\({\Gamma }\) :

General diffusion coefficient

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

η :

Liquid fraction (–)

\(\lambda\) :

Thermal conductivity (W/m/K)

µ :

Fluid viscosity (kg/m/s)

\({\overset\rightharpoonup{\mathbf{U}}}_{{\text{g}}}\) :

Superficial gas velocity (m/s)

\({\overset\rightharpoonup{\mathbf{V}}}_{{\text{s}}}\) :

Solid physical velocity (m/s)

\({\overset\rightharpoonup{\mathbf{F}}}_{{\text{gs}}}\) :

Gas flow resistance (N/m3)

0:

Initial

BCB:

BCB variable

coke:

Coke variable

ore:

Ore variable

g:

Gas variable

l:

Liquid variable

s:

Solid variable

e:

Environment variable

Species or element name:

Variable of assigned species or element

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China for supporting this work (Project No. U1960205).

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Huiqing Tang, Liqun Ma, Zhu Liu & Zhancheng Guo

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  1. Huiqing Tang
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Correspondence to Huiqing Tang.

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This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02792-7

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Tang, H., Ma, L., Liu, Z. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Charging Biochar Composite Briquette in Blast Furnace for Reducing CO2 Emissions: Combined Numerical and Experimental Investigations. Metall Mater Trans B 53, 2248–2261 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02525-2

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