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Investigation into the Temperature of Metallic High-Temperature Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope Samples

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Abstract

In high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscopy, the top of the opaque sample is observed while being heated by thermal radiation from an incandescent heating element, reflected from the inside of an ellipsoidal chamber. The temperature is measured with a thermocouple in the sample holder. The true temperature at the top of the sample differs from the measured temperature because of thermal contact resistance (between the metallic sample and the crucible, and between the crucible and the sample holder) and because of temperature gradients within the sample. Assessment of these differences is important for accurate experiments. The method of accounting for the difference between the true sample temperature and the measured temperature was found to have an error of ± 12.5 °C when melting pure metals in MgO crucibles. Temperature gradients within the sample were investigated by observing MgO particles flowing on liquid iron and comparison with a finite element model. Particles near the top of the droplet had median velocities around 20 μm/s. The model (which included radiative heating) predicted a velocity of 3 mm/s with temperature difference of 1.2 °C over the droplet height. The real droplet is expected to have a difference of less than 1 °C.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Iron and Steelmaking Research (CISR), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    Steven Thomas Britt & Petrus Christiaan Pistorius

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  1. Steven Thomas Britt
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  2. Petrus Christiaan Pistorius
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Correspondence to Petrus Christiaan Pistorius.

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Manuscript submitted on December 20, 2021; accepted on March 28, 2022.

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Britt, S.T., Pistorius, P.C. Investigation into the Temperature of Metallic High-Temperature Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope Samples. Metall Mater Trans B 53, 2153–2165 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02515-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02515-4

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