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Experimental and Mathematical Simulation Study on the Granulation of a Modified Basic Oxygen Furnace Steel Slag

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Abstract

Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel slag is a major waste of the steelmaking industry. Utilization of BOF slag contributes to the sustainability of the steel industry by alleviating its environmental impact. Vitrification during cooling is an effective method to promote the cementitious activity of slags with the aim to apply slags in high value-added applications. In the present study, an Al2O3- and SiO2-modified BOF slag was water granulated at a pilot scale. The amorphous and mineral fractions were measured quantitatively. The critical cooling rate to vitrify the modified slag was calculated through the Time-Temperature-Transformation diagrams constructed using in situ confocal scanning laser microscopy. To provide an insight into the crystallization behavior during the granulation process, a mathematical model was developed. The model was validated by comparing the amorphous fraction obtained from experiments with that from simulation. Temperature profiles of the slag particles with varied sizes were calculated with the aid of COMSOL Multiphysics software. The effect of particle size on the vitrified fraction was discussed in detail and the temperature gradient from surface to center of the particle was identified. The results provide novel fundamental understanding of the vitrification process regarding to the slag valorization, which will help the industrial implementation of granulation for pollution remediation and other engineered environmental systems such as chemical industry and pharmaceutical industry.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT Grant No. 140514). Chunwei Liu gratefully acknowledges the support of the China Scholarship Council (CSC, No. 201306080002).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Box 2450, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Chunwei Liu, Pavel Leonardo Lopez Gonzalez, Shuigen Huang, Yiannis Pontikes, Bart Blanpain & Muxing Guo

  2. National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 North 2nd Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China

    Chunwei Liu

  3. Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Box 2450, 3001, Leuven, Belgium

    Pavel Leonardo Lopez Gonzalez, Shuigen Huang, Yiannis Pontikes, Bart Blanpain & Muxing Guo

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  1. Chunwei Liu
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  2. Pavel Leonardo Lopez Gonzalez
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Correspondence to Chunwei Liu.

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Manuscript submitted October 28, 2018.

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Liu, C., Lopez Gonzalez, P.L., Huang, S. et al. Experimental and Mathematical Simulation Study on the Granulation of a Modified Basic Oxygen Furnace Steel Slag. Metall Mater Trans B 50, 1260–1268 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-019-01543-x

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