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Investigation on the Effect of Nozzle Number on the Recirculation Rate and Mixing Time in the RH Process Using VOF + DPM Model

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Abstract

A mathematical model has been developed to explain the effect of the number of nozzles on recirculation flow rate in the RH process. Experimental data from water modeling were employed to validate the mathematical model. The experimental data included the velocity fields measured with a particle image velocimetry technique and mixing time. The multiphase model volume of fluid was employed to allow a more realistic representation of the free surface in the vacuum chamber while injected argon bubbles were treated as discrete phase particles and modeled using the discrete phase model. Interfacial forces between bubbles and liquid phase were considered, including the lift force. The simulations carried out with the mathematical model involved changes in the gas flow rate from 12 to 36 L/min and a number of nozzles from 4 to 8. The results indicated a logarithmic increment in the recirculation rate as the gas flow rate increased and also corresponded with an exponential decrease in mixing time. The plume area and liquid velocities resulting from individual nozzles were computed. A maximum optimum recirculation rate was defined based on a mechanism proposed to explain the effect of gas flow rate and the number of nozzles on the recirculation rate.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for support from the National Science Foundation China (Grant Nos. 51274034 and 51404019), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recycling and Extraction of Metals (GREM), the Laboratory of Green Process Metallurgy and Modeling (GPM2), and the High Quality Steel Consortium (HQSC) at the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering at University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recycling and Extraction of Metals (GREM), School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, 100083, China

    Haitao Ling (Ph.D. Students), Fei Li (Ph.D. Students) & Lifeng Zhang (Professor)

  2. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, 100083, China

    Alberto N. Conejo (Professor)

  3. Graduate Program in Metallurgy, Morelia Technological Institute, Morelia, Mexico

    Alberto N. Conejo (Professor)

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  1. Haitao Ling
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  2. Fei Li
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  3. Lifeng Zhang
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  4. Alberto N. Conejo
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Correspondence to Lifeng Zhang.

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Manuscript submitted December 22, 2015.

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Ling, H., Li, F., Zhang, L. et al. Investigation on the Effect of Nozzle Number on the Recirculation Rate and Mixing Time in the RH Process Using VOF + DPM Model. Metall Mater Trans B 47, 1950–1961 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0669-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0669-y

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