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Ferrite Formation Dynamics and Microstructure Due to Inclusion Engineering in Low-Alloy Steels by Ti2O3 and TiN Addition

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Abstract

The dynamics of intragranular ferrite (IGF) formation in inclusion engineered steels with either Ti2O3 or TiN addition were investigated using in situ high temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the inclusions and the final microstructure after continuous cooling transformation was investigated using electron probe microanalysis and electron backscatter diffraction, respectively. It was found that there is a significant effect of the chemical composition of the inclusions, the cooling rate, and the prior austenite grain size on the phase fractions and the starting temperatures of IGF and grain boundary ferrite (GBF). The fraction of IGF is larger in the steel with Ti2O3 addition compared to the steel with TiN addition after the same thermal cycle has been imposed. The reason for this difference is the higher potency of the TiO x phase as nucleation sites for IGF formation compared to the TiN phase, which was supported by calculations using classical nucleation theory. The IGF fraction increases with increasing prior austenite grain size, while the fraction of IGF in both steels was the highest for the intermediate cooling rate of 70 °C/min, since competing phase transformations were avoided, the structure of the IGF was though refined with increasing cooling rate. Finally, regarding the starting temperatures of IGF and GBF, they decrease with increasing cooling rate and the starting temperature of GBF decreases with increasing grain size, while the starting temperature of IGF remains constant irrespective of grain size.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Assistant Professor Sohei Sukenaga and Mr. Terui (IMRAM, Tohoku University) for their assistance of the experiment. Professor Shigeru Suzuki and Dr. Yusuke Onuki (IMRAM, Tohoku University) are also acknowledged for the discussion on the EBSD analyses. W.M is grateful to the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for the financial support enabling his studies at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. He is also grateful to the JASSO Scholarship foundation for the financial support for his research at Tohoku University.

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  1. Wangzhong Mu (Ph.D. Candidate, Postdoctoral Fellow)

    Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster Steel Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden

    Wangzhong Mu (Ph.D. Candidate, Postdoctoral Fellow), Peter Hedström (Assistant Professor), Pär Göran Jönsson (Professor) & Keiji Nakajima (Professor)

  2. Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan

    Hiroyuki Shibata (Professor)

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Correspondence to Wangzhong Mu.

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Manuscript submitted October 23, 2015.

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Mu, W., Shibata, H., Hedström, P. et al. Ferrite Formation Dynamics and Microstructure Due to Inclusion Engineering in Low-Alloy Steels by Ti2O3 and TiN Addition. Metall Mater Trans B 47, 2133–2147 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0630-0

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