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Effects of Different Si Content and Thermal Stories on the Secondary Phase Formation, Hot Ductility, and Stress Rupture Properties of Alloy 718 Investment Castings

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Abstract

Herein, the effects of microstructure on high-temperature properties (hot ductility and stress rupture life) were investigated in alloy 718 investment castings manufactured with different Si contents (0.051, 0.11, and 0.17 wt pct) and different cooling rates (0.52 °C/s and 1.65 °C/s). For the casting with a low cooling rate, an additional solution treatment step was added to the standard pre-weld heat treatment. Even small amounts of residual Laves phase (0.14 to 0.35 wt pct) adversely affected both the hot ductility and stress rupture properties. Hot ductility tests indicated that the presence of Laves phase led to an earlier decrease in hot ductility in on-heating tests and retarded ductility recovery in on-cooling tests. Both effects are usually associated with poorer weldability and greater hot cracking susceptibility. Ductility recovery was also affected by grain size and aspect ratio: columnar and smaller grain sizes showed better ductility recovery behavior. Stress rupture tests indicated that stress rupture life and elongation decreased with increasing Si content, due to the presence of a semicontinuous network of Laves phase at grain boundaries instead of intergranular δ phases. This effect was much more pronounced in stress rupture than in hot ductility tests. The presence of residual Laves phase was associated with higher Si content and lower cooling rates. The additional solution treatment step of 2 hours at 1052 °C did not eliminate the Laves phase completely.

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Acknowledgments

This research was performed partially under the framework of the HiperTURB project, which was funded by the Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, Grant Agreement No. 755561. Bengt Pettersson and Vikström Fredrik from the GKN Aerospace company in Trollhättan (Sweden) are gratefully acknowledged for their technical support and fruitful discussions. Additionally, the authors thank Kejll Hurtig and Joel Andersson (Department of Engineering Science at West University) for support in performing hot ductility tests. This study was completed with financial support from the Basque Government (Project: CEMAP: Desarrollo de Materiales Cerámicos y Metálicos de Altas Prestaciones para Fabricación Avanzada, ELKARTEK KK-2020/00047 and MINERVA: ELKARTEK KK-2022/00082).

Author Contributions

AN contributed to investigation of stress rupture tests, methodology, formal analysis, and writing—original draft preparation. RGM contributed to investigation of stress rupture tests, and microstructural investigation and visualization. FS contributed to conceptualization, methodology, supervision, writing—review and editing, project administration, and funding acquisition. PPR contributed conceptualization, methodology, investigation in investment casting, and writing—review. AC contributed to investigation of hot ductility tests, microstructural investigation, and visualization. DB contributed to DSC measurements. LV contributed to investigation of hot ductility tests, methodology, data curation, and visualization. PÁ contributed to investigation of hot ductility, methodology, formal analysis, and writing—original draft preparation. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported herein.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fundación AZTERLAN, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Aliendalde Auzunea 6, 48200, Durango, Spain

    Andrea Niklas, Fernando Santos & Rodolfo Gonzalez-Martinez

  2. EIPC RESEARCH CENTER, AIE, Torrekua 3, 20600, Eibar, Spain

    Pedro Pablo Rodríguez

  3. Advanced Material Forming Processes, Mondragon University - Faculty of Engineering, Loramendi, 4, 20500, Arrasate - Mondragón, Spain

    Daniel Bernal

  4. LORTEK Technological Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20240, Ordizia, Spain

    Alberto Cobos, Lexuri Vázquez & Pedro Álvarez

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  1. Andrea Niklas
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  2. Fernando Santos
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Correspondence to Rodolfo Gonzalez-Martinez.

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Niklas, A., Santos, F., Gonzalez-Martinez, R. et al. Effects of Different Si Content and Thermal Stories on the Secondary Phase Formation, Hot Ductility, and Stress Rupture Properties of Alloy 718 Investment Castings. Metall Mater Trans A 54, 2670–2688 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-023-07046-4

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