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Influence of Sulfur Content on Penetration Depth in TIG Welding for High Manganese Stainless Steels

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Abstract

TIG welding of high manganese stainless steels was conducted with different sulfur contents of 5 and 20 ppm. The penetration depth of the welding bead clearly increased even when the sulfur content of the sample was only very slightly increased from 5 to 20 ppm. In situ observation of the surface of the molten pool revealed that the increase in penetration depth of the welding bead could be attributed to an elevation of the average temperature at the center of the molten pool from 2070 to 2200 K due to the generation of an inward fluid flow in the pool. The results of precise measurements of the surface tension of molten high manganese stainless steels using the electromagnetic levitation (EML) technique, thoroughly explained that the inward flow in the molten pool of the sample containing a sulfur content of 20 ppm was induced by Marangoni convection driven by the boomerang shape temperature dependence of the surface tension of the molten sample. The experimental results of the variations in the temperature distribution and the fluid flow direction in the molten pool depending on the sulfur content were reproduced well by a numerical calculation considering the four dominant driving forces of plasma jet, buoyancy, electromagnetic forces, and Marangoni convection, which indicated that the fluid flow direction was dominantly controlled by Marangoni convection.

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Acknowledgment

One of the authors (SO) acknowledges the support of the JSPS KAKENHI 20H02453.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering R&D Institute, Nippon Steel Engineering Co., Ltd., 46-59 Nakabaru, Tobata, Kitakyusyu, Fukuoka, 804-8505, Japan

    Yuji Kisaka, Satoshi Miki & Fumiaki Kimura

  2. Bridge Products Department, Nippon Steel Engineering Co., Ltd, Building & Infrastructure Sector1-5-1 Osaki, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 141-8604, Japan

    Nobuo Sekiguchi

  3. Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan

    Shinichi Tashiro & Manabu Tanaka

  4. Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba, 275-0016, Japan

    Shumpei Ozawa

  5. Superconducting Magnet Technology Group, ITER Project Unit, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 801-1 Mukouyama, Naka, Ibaraki, 311-0193, Japan

    Tomone Suwa & Yoshikazu Takahashi

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  1. Yuji Kisaka
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  2. Satoshi Miki
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  3. Nobuo Sekiguchi
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  4. Fumiaki Kimura
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  5. Shinichi Tashiro
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  6. Manabu Tanaka
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  7. Shumpei Ozawa
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  8. Tomone Suwa
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  9. Yoshikazu Takahashi
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Correspondence to Yuji Kisaka.

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Manuscript submitted on 29 October 2021; accepted on 21 September 2021.

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Kisaka, Y., Miki, S., Sekiguchi, N. et al. Influence of Sulfur Content on Penetration Depth in TIG Welding for High Manganese Stainless Steels. Metall Mater Trans A 52, 5293–5299 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06468-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06468-2

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