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First Principles Prediction of the Al-Li Phase Diagram

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Abstract

The phase diagram of the Al-Li system was determined by means of first principles calculations in combination with the cluster expansion formalism and statistical mechanics. The ground state phases were determined from first principles calculations of fcc and bcc configurations in the whole compositional range, while the phase transitions as a function of temperature were ascertained from the thermodynamic grand potential and the Gibbs free energies of the phases. Overall, the calculated phase diagram was in good agreement with the currently accepted experimental phase diagram, but the simulations provided new insights that are important to optimize microstructure of these alloys by means of heat treatments. In particular, the structure of the potential GP zones, made up of Al0.5Li0.5 (001) monolayers embedded in Al matrix, was identified. It was found that Al3Li is a stable phase although the energy barrier for the transformation of Al3Li into AlLi is very small (a few meV) and can be overcome by thermal vibrations. Moreover, bcc AlLi was found to be formed by martensitic transformation of fcc configurations and Al3Li precipitates stand for favorable sites for the nucleation of AlLi because they contain the basic blocks of such fcc ordering. Finally, polynomial expressions of the Gibbs free energies of the different phases as a function of temperature and composition were given, so they can be used in mesoscale simulations of precipitation in Al-Li alloys.

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Acknowledgments

This investigation was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Advanced Grant VIRMETAL, Grant Agreement No. 669141). SL acknowledges the support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme through a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (Grant Agreement 893883). Computer resources and technical assistance provided by the Centro de Supercomputación y Visualización de Madrid (CeSViMa) and by the Spanish Supercomputing Network (Project FI-2020-2-0044, node Calendula) are gratefully acknowledged. Finally, use of the computational resources of the Center for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science user facility, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, is also gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906, Madrid, Spain

    S. Liu, G. Esteban-Manzanares & J. LLorca

  2. Department of Materials Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E. T. S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    J. LLorca

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  1. S. Liu
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Manuscript submitted 10 March 2021; accepted 28 July 2021.

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Liu, S., Esteban-Manzanares, G. & LLorca, J. First Principles Prediction of the Al-Li Phase Diagram. Metall Mater Trans A 52, 4675–4690 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06419-x

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