Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Tensile and Fracture Properties of Aluminium Alloy AA2219-T87 Friction Stir Weld Joints for Aerospace Applications

  • Original Research Article
  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of the present work is to study the mechanical behaviour of AA2219-T87 friction stir weld (FSW) joints at different temperatures (Room temperature (RT), 77 K and 20 K) and correlate them to the microstructures evolved during the joining process. For this purpose, standard full length tensile specimens as well as miniature tensile specimens extracted from different microstructural regions of the joint such as weld nugget zone (WNZ), thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and heat-affected zone were used. Similarly, fracture toughness (FT) was evaluated by placing notches at the three microstructurally different regions. The tensile properties at 77 K and 20 K were higher compared to those at room temperature. Miniature tensile specimens extracted from WNZ and TMAZ regions showed similar strength properties; however lower hardness and ductility were observed in TMAZ. Failure of standard full length samples was always in TMAZ since it has lower hardness and ductility, as a result of strain hardening. The higher FT noticed in WNZ is attributed to the presence of very fine grains. The lower FT observed in the TMAZ is attributed to combined effect of the absence of strengthening precipitates and recrystallization. Comparison of the mechanical properties of AA2219-T87 FSW and TIG weld joints revealed superior tensile properties at room and cryogenic temperatures for FSW weld joints, thus making FSW, a better alternative for the fabrication of large sized earth storable and cryogenic propellant tanks of satellite launch vehicles.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. G.V. Narayana, V.M.J. Sharma, V. Diwakar, K.S. Kumar, and R.C. Prasad: 2004, vol. 9, pp. 121–30.

  2. S.V.S.N. Murty, S.K. Manwatkar, and P.R. Narayanan: Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal., 2015, vol. 4, pp. 392–402.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. A.K. Jha, S.V.S.N. Murty, V. Diwakar, and K. Sree Kumar: Eng. Fail. Anal., 2003, vol. 10, pp. 265–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. C. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. Wang, M. Gao, and X. Zeng: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., 2018, vol. 49, pp. 4441–45.

  5. J. Kang, Z.C. Feng, G.S. Frankel, I.W. Huang, G.Q. Wang, and A.P. Wu: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., 2016, vol. 47, pp. 4553–65.

  6. A.K. Jha, P. Ramesh Narayanan, and K. Sreekumar: Eng. Fail. Anal., 2009, vol. 16, pp. 1587–96.

  7. S.V.S. Narayana Murty, A. Sarkar, P. Ramesh Narayanan, P. V. Venkitakrishnan, and J. Mukhopadhyay: J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2017, vol. 26, pp. 2190–203.

  8. S.K. Manwatkar, M. Sunil, A. Prabhu, S.V.S. Narayana Murty, R. Joseph, and P. Ramesh Narayanan: Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 2019, vol. 72, pp. 1515–19.

  9. A.K. Jha, S.V.S.N. Murty, K. Sreekumar, and P.P. Sinha: Eng. Fail. Anal., 2009, vol. 16, pp. 2209–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. A. Venugopal, P.R. Narayanan, and S.C. Sharma: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., 2016, vol. 47, pp. 1607–20.

  11. A. Venugopal, K. Sreekumar, and V.S. Raja: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., 2012, vol. 43, pp. 3135–48.

  12. A. Venugopal, K. Sreekumar, and V.S. Raja: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., 2010, vol. 41, pp. 3151–60.

  13. R. Ghosh, A. Venugopal, G.S. Rao, P. Ramesh Narayanan, B. Pant, and R.M. Cherian: J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2018, vol. 27, pp. 423–33.

  14. R. Ghosh, A. Venugopal, P.R. Narayanan, S.C. Sharma, and P.V. Venkitakrishnan: Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China (English Ed.), 2017, vol. 27, pp. 241–49.

  15. G. Venkata Narayana: Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, 2006.

  16. S.V.S.N. Murty, A. Sarkar, P.R. Narayanan, P. V. Venkitakrishnan, and J. Mukhopadhyay: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, vol. 677, pp. 41–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. A. Sarkar, K. Saravanan, N. Nayan, S.V.S.N. Murty, P.R. Narayanan, P. V. Venkitakrishnan, and J. Mukhopadhyay: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., 2017, vol. 48, pp. 321–41.

  18. R.K. Gupta and S.V.S.N. Murty: Eng. Fail. Anal., 2006, vol. 13, pp. 1370–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J. Kang, Z.C. Feng, J.C. Li, G.S. Frankel, G.Q. Wang, and A.P. Wu: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., 2016, vol. 47, pp. 4566–77.

  20. G.K. Padhy, C.S. Wu, and S. Gao: J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, vol. 34, pp. 1–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. R.S. Mishra and Z.Y. Ma: 2005, vol. 50, pp. 1–78.

  22. P.H. Shah and V.J. Badheka: Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium Alloys: An Overview of Experimental Findings—Process, Variables, Development and Applications, vol. 233, 2019.

  23. G. Cao: Weld. J., 2005, pp. 1-S–8-S.

  24. K. Elangovan and V. Balasubramanian: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2007, vol. 459, pp. 7–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Malarvizhi and V. Balasubramanian: Mater. Des., 2011, vol. 32, pp. 1205–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. ASTM B645: in ASTM Book of Standards, vol. 14, 2002, pp. 4–8.

  27. E1820: in ASTM Book of Standards, vol. 3.01, 2013, pp. 1–65.

  28. E94/E94M: in ASTM Book of Standards, vol. 3.03, 2017, pp. 1–13.

  29. B557: in ASTM book of Standards, vol. 2.02, 2016, pp. 1–16.

  30. E384: in ASTM Book of Standards, vol. 3.01, 2011, pp. 1–43.

  31. E3: in ASTM Book of Standards, vol. 3.01, 2017, pp. 1–12.

  32. E112: in ASTM book of Standards, 2013, pp. 1–28.

  33. C.B. Carter, Williams D.B.: in Transmission Electron Microscopy, Springer, Boston, 2009, p. 287.

  34. D. Balaji Naik, C.H. Venkata Rao, K. Srinivasa Rao, G. Madhusudan Reddy, and G. Rambabu: Mater. Today Proc., 2019, vol. 15, pp. 76–83.

  35. K.R. K Surekha, BS Murty: Surf. Coatings Technol., 2008, vol. 202, pp. 4057–68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. K.S. Arora, S. Pandey, M. Schaper, and R. Kumar: J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2010, vol. 26, pp. 747–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. C. Gallais, A. Simar, D. Fabregue, A. Denquin, G. Lapasset, B. De Meester, Y. Brechet, T. Pardoen: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2007, vol. 38, pp. 964–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Z.Y. Ma, A.H. Feng, D.L. Chen, J. Shen: Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci., 2018, vol. 43, pp. 269–333.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. W. Xu, J. Liu, G. Luan, and C. Dong: Mater. Des., 2009, vol. 30, pp. 1886–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. X. Lei, Y. Deng, Z. Yin, and G. Xu: J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2014, vol. 23, pp. 2149–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. H.R. Kroninger and A.P. Reynolds: Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 2002, vol. 25, pp. 283–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. D. A. Wigley: Mechanical Properties of Materials at Low Temperatures, Plenum press, New York, London, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Y.T. Lin, M.C. Wang, Y. Zhang, Y.Z. He, D.P. Wang: Mater. Des., 2017, vol. 113, pp. 54–59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. L.F. Mondolfo: Aluminum Alloys: Structure and Properties, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  45. A.H. Feng, D.L. Chen, Z.Y. Ma, W.Y. Ma, and R.J. Song: Acta Metall. Sin. (English Lett.), 2014, vol. 27, pp. 723–29.

  46. N. Afrin, D.L. Chen, X. Cao, and M. Jahazi: 2007, vol. 57, pp. 1004–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. D. Rao, J. Heerens, G.A. Pinheiro, J.F. Dos Santos, N. Huber: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, vol. 527, pp. 5018–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. U. Mecking, H and Kocks: Acta Metall., 1981, vol. 29, pp. 1865–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. V.M.J. Sharma, K. Sree Kumar, B. Nageswara Rao, and S.D. Pathak: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., 2009, vol. 40, pp. 3186–95.

  50. A. Strombeck, J. dos Santos, F. Torster, P. Laureano, and M. Kocak: Proc. First Int. Symp. Frict. Stir Weld., 1999, pp. 1–11.

  51. G. Cao, M. Ren, Y. Zhang, W. Peng, T. Li: Metals (Basel)., 2020, vol. 10, pp. 1–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Z. Wang, L. Huang, J. Li, X. Li, H. Zhu, F. Ma, H. Ma, J. Cui: Metals (Basel)., 2018, vol. 8, p. 305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. J. Mittra, S. Banerjee, R. Tewari, G.K. Dey: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, vol. 574, pp. 86–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Chen YC, Feng JC, Liu H: Mater. Charact., 2009, vol. 60, pp. 476–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. G.H. Li, L. Zhou, S.F. Luo, Z.Y. Du, J.C. Feng, and F.X. Meng: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2020, vol. 25, pp. 142–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. K. Kamal Babu, K. Panneerselvam, P. Sathiya, A.N. Haq, S. Sundarrajan, P. Mastanaiah, and C. V. Srinivasa Murthy: J. Alloys Compd., 2018, vol. 732, pp. 624–29.

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Prof. Indradev Samajdar, IIT Bombay for TEM studies and Shri Pravin Muneshwar, MPD for fabrication of tensile test specimens. They sincerely thank the excellent support of Dr. Ganji Venkata Narayana, Dr. P. Ramesh Narayanan and Shri Roy M Cherian for their continuous motivation. The authors thank Director, VSSC for his permission to publish this work.

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials and Mechanical Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum, 695022, India

    P. Manikandan, Sushant K. Manwatkar, G. Sudarshan Rao, S. V. S. Narayana Murty, D. Sivakumar, Bhanu Pant & M. Mohan

  2. System Reliability Group, ISRO Propulsion Complex, Mahendragiri, 627133, India

    T. Antony Prabhu

Authors
  1. P. Manikandan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. Antony Prabhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sushant K. Manwatkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. G. Sudarshan Rao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. V. S. Narayana Murty
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. D. Sivakumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Bhanu Pant
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. M. Mohan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. Manikandan.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Manuscript submitted September 10, 2020; accepted May 17, 2021.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Manikandan, P., Prabhu, T.A., Manwatkar, S.K. et al. Tensile and Fracture Properties of Aluminium Alloy AA2219-T87 Friction Stir Weld Joints for Aerospace Applications. Metall Mater Trans A 52, 3759–3776 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06337-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06337-y

Search

Navigation