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The Role of Internal Oxides on the Liquid Metal Embrittlement Cracking During Resistance Spot Welding of the Dual Phase Steel

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Abstract

One of the most effective ways to improve reactive wetting of dual phase (DP) steels during galvanizing process is annealing under relatively high oxygen partial pressure. This annealing process can lead to internal oxide formation rather than external ones. Since these oxides are mostly observed in grain boundaries (GBs), their presence could influence GB-related phenomena such as liquid metal embrittlement (LME) cracking during further manufacturing processes such as resistance spot welding (RSW). The present work has shown that internal oxides located at GBs assisted LME crack formation during RSW of DP steel. Two types of LME cracks were observed in the shoulder and center of the weld. It has been shown that at the initial stages of welding time, LME cracks initiate in the shoulder of the nugget by the Zn diffusion into oxide-bearing GBs. As welding time continues, higher temperatures and tensile stresses are applied to the steel sheets which allow center cracks to be formed more easily due to the presence of oxides which degrade the GBs.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canada Research Chairs (CRC) program, and the International Zinc Association (Durham, NC) for their financial support and providing material to carry out this work. The authors also would like to acknowledge the support from Prof. McDermid at McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada for providing the galvanizing process simulator and material.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada

    A. Ghatei Kalashami, C. DiGiovanni, M. H. Razmpoosh & N. Y. Zhou

  2. International Zinc Association, Durham, NC, 27713, USA

    F. Goodwin

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  1. A. Ghatei Kalashami
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  2. C. DiGiovanni
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  3. M. H. Razmpoosh
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  4. F. Goodwin
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Correspondence to A. Ghatei Kalashami.

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Manuscript submitted November 26, 2019.

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Kalashami, A.G., DiGiovanni, C., Razmpoosh, M.H. et al. The Role of Internal Oxides on the Liquid Metal Embrittlement Cracking During Resistance Spot Welding of the Dual Phase Steel. Metall Mater Trans A 51, 2180–2191 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05702-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05702-7

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