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Crystallography of the Heterogeneous Nucleation of δ-Ferrite on Ce2O2S Particles During Solidification of an Fe-4Si Alloy

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Abstract

Crystallographic calculations using the edge-to-edge matching (E2EM) model indicated a high grain refining potency of Ce2O2S for primary δ-ferrite during solidification of associated steels because of the low interatomic spacing misfit of 4.27 pct along the matching directions of \( \left\langle {2\bar{1}\bar{1}0} \right\rangle_{{{\text{Ce}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}_{ 2} {\text{S}}}} \)||\( \left\langle {110} \right\rangle_{{\delta {\text{ - Fe}}}} \) and the low interplanar mismatch of 4.27 pct between the matching planes of \( {{\{ 11\bar{2}0\} }}_{{{\text{Ce}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}_{ 2} {\text{S}}}} \)||\( {{\{ 011\} }}_{{\delta {\text{ - Fe}}}} \). To verify this prediction, an Fe-4Si alloy was selected as the test alloy to enable the retention of the primary δ-ferrite at room temperature. The appropriate Ce addition was predicted with thermodynamic calculations using the FactSage Software System based on the sulfur content in the alloy. Compared with that of the alloy without Ce, the addition of 0.0325 wt pct Ce led to a 47.1 pct reduction in the average grain size in the Fe-4Si alloy ingots. Calculations based on the E2EM model also predicted two novel orientation relationships (ORs) between Ce2O2S and the primary δ-ferrite. These two ORs were also experimentally observed using electron backscattered diffraction in a scanning electron microscope. The ORs are as follows: \( {[2\bar{1}\bar{1}0]}_{{\text{Ce}_{{2}} \text{O}{}_{{2}}{\text{S}}}} \)||\( \text{[110]}_{{\delta \text{ - Fe}}} \), \( {(000\bar{2})}_{{\text{Ce}_{{2}} \text{O}_{{2}} {\text{S}}}} \)1.0 deg from \( {(1\bar{1}0)}_{{\delta \text{ - Fe}}} \), \( {(01\bar{1}0)}_{{\text{Ce}_{{2}} \text{O}_{{2}} {\text{S}}}} \)1.0 deg from \( {(002)}_{{\delta \text{ - Fe}}} \) and \( {[\bar{1}101]}_{{\text{Ce}_{{2}} \text{O}_{{2}} {\text{S}}}} \)||\( \text{[100]}_{{\delta \text{ - Fe}}} \), \( {(11\bar{2}0)}_{{\text{Ce}_{{2}} \text{O}_{{2}} {\text{S}}}} \)3.0 deg from \( {(0\bar{1}\bar{1})}_{{\delta \text{ - Fe}}} \), \( {(\bar{1}10\bar{2})}_{{\text{Ce}_{{2}} \text{O}_{{2}} {\text{S}}}} \)3.0 deg from \( {(0\bar{1}1)}_{{\delta \text{ - Fe}}}. \)

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Acknowledgments

The authors are very grateful to the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51761034 and 51261018) and the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia in China (Grant No. 2017MS0512).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China

    Y. P. Ji & H. P. Ren

  2. Analytical and Testing Center, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China

    Y. M. Li

  3. School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    M. X. Zhang

  4. School of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China

    Y. P. Ji & H. P. Ren

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  1. Y. P. Ji
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Manuscript submitted September 5, 2018.

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Ji, Y.P., Li, Y.M., Zhang, M.X. et al. Crystallography of the Heterogeneous Nucleation of δ-Ferrite on Ce2O2S Particles During Solidification of an Fe-4Si Alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 50, 1787–1794 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-019-05142-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-019-05142-y

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