Abstract
The liquid–solid interaction during brazing at 592 °C to 605 °C and its effects on mechanical properties were investigated in a series of Al-Si/Al-Mn-Cu-Mg brazing sheets with different Mg contents. Depending on the Mg level in core alloy and the brazing temperature, critical changes of local chemistry and microstructure related to the liquid–solid interaction occur, including solid-state diffusion, uniform clad–core interface migration, and grain boundary penetration (GBP). When the Mg in core alloy is below 1 wt pct, the interaction is limited and the formation of a dense precipitation band due to solid-state diffusion of Si from the clad to the core is dominant. As the Mg exceeds 1 wt pct, very extensive interaction occurs resulting in clad–core interface migration and GBP of Si into the core, both involving local melting and re-solidification of the core alloy. Whenever Si from the clad encounters Mg in the core due to the interaction, Mg2Si precipitates are formed leading to significant improvement of strength. However, the interface migration and GBP drastically reduce the ductility, due to the segregation of coarse secondary phase particles along the newly formed grain boundaries.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M.M. Schwartz: Brazing, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, USA, 1987.
G. Humpston and D.M. Jacobson: Principle of Soldering and Brazing, ASM international, Materials Park, Ohio, USA, 1991.
R. Woods: CAB Brazing Metallurgy, 12th Annual International Invitational Aluminum Brazing Seminar, AFC Holcroft, Novi, Michigan, USA, 2007.
M.P. Groover: Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials Processes and Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2007.
J. Liu: SAE Technical Paper 960244, 1996.
M.J. Fletcher: Vacuum brazing, Mills and Boon Limited, London, 1971.
B.E. Cheadle and K.F. Dockus: SAE Technical Paper 880446, 1988.
D.J. Schmatz: Weld J. Research Supplement, 1983, pp. 267–72.
G.J. Marshall, R.K. Bolingbroke and A. Gray: Metall. Trans., 1993, vol. 24A, pp. 1935-1942.
M. Nylén, U. Gustavsson, B. Hutchinson and A. Örtnäs: Mater. Sci. Forum, 1996, vol. 217-222, pp. 1703-1708.
M. Nylén, U. Gustavsson, B. Hutchinson and A. Örtnäs: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2000, vol. 331-337, pp. 1737-1742.
S.D. Meijers: Corrosion of aluminium brazing sheet, Ph.D. Thesis, Delft University of Technology, 2002.
A.J. Wittebrood, S. Desikan, R. Boom and L. Katgerman: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2006, vol. 519-521, pp. 1151-1156.
A. Wittebrood: Microstructural changes in brazing sheet due to sold-liquid interaction, Ph.D. Thesis, Delft University of Technology, 2009.
H.S. Yang and R.A. Woods: SAE Paper 971849, 1987.
A. Fukumoto and T. Doko: Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys, 2004, pp. 319–24.
J.S. Ryu, M.S. Kim and D. Jung: J. Mater. Proc. Tech., 2002, vol. 130-131, pp. 240-244.
R.A. Woods: SAE Paper 971848, 1987.
H. Jin, J. Liang, Y. Zeng and M.S. Kozdras: SAE Int. J. Mater. Manf., 2015, vol. 8(3), pp. 736-743.
S-I. Fujikawa, K-I. Hirano and Y. Fukushima: Metall. Trans., 1978, vol. A9, pp. 1811-1815.
N.D.A. Kooij, T.J. Hurd, A. Burger, K. Vieregge and A. Haszler: VTMS 4 Conference Proceedings, London, U.K., SAE Paper C543:014:99, 1999.
M.J. Benoit, M.A. Wells, M.A. Whitney, H. Jin and S. Winkler: Metall. Mater. Trans., 2017, vol. 48A, pp. 4645-4654.
M. Benoit, R. Kaur, M.A. Wells, H. Jin, B. S. Amirkhiz and S. Winkler: J. Mater. Proc. Tech., 2018, vol. 254, pp. 353-360.
M. Gündüz and J.D. Hunt: Acta Metall., 1985, vol. 33, pp. 1651-1672.
A.R. Miedema, F.J.A. den Broeder: Z. Metallkd, 1979, vol. 70, pp. 14-20.
M. Gündüz and J.D. Hunt: Acta Metall. Mater., 1989, vol. 37, pp. 1839-1845.
B. Straumal, T. Muschik, W. Gust and P. Predel: Acta Metall. Mater., 1992, vol. 40, pp. 939-945.
D.R. Clarke and M.L. Gee: Materials Interfaces, ed. D. Wolf and S. Yip, Chapman & Hall, London, 1992, p. 255.
D. Chatain, E. Rabkin, J. Derenne and J. Berdardini: Acta Mater., 2001, vol. 49, pp. 1123-1128.
Y. Brechet and G.R. Purgy: Script. Metall., 1988, vol. 22, pp. 1629-1633.
D.Y. Yoon: Int. Mater. Reviews, 1995, vol. 40, pp. 149-179.
E. Rabkin: Script. Mater., 1998, vol. 39, pp. 685-900.
M. Hillert: Script. Metall., 1983, vol. 17, pp. 237-240.
M. Kuo and R.A. Fournelle: Acta Metall. Mater., 1991, vol. 39, pp. 2835-2845.
D.J. Lloyd: Metall. Trans., 1980, vol. 11A, pp. 1287-1294.
Ø. Ryen, O. Nijs, E. Sjölander, B. Holmerdal, H-E. Ekström and E. Nes: Metall. Mater. Trans., 2006, vol. 37A, pp. 1999-2006.
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by Natural Resources Canada and Dana Canada Corporation through Program of Energy Research and Development. The ingot casting and roll-bonding were done by Alcereco in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Manuscript submitted January 25, 2018.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jin, H., Kozdras, M.S., Amirkhiz, B.S. et al. Liquid–Solid Interaction in Al-Si/Al-Mn-Cu-Mg Brazing Sheets and Its Effects on Mechanical Properties. Metall Mater Trans A 49, 3091–3107 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4670-8
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4670-8