Skip to main content
Log in

Crystallography and Interphase Boundary of Martensite and Bainite in Steels

  • Symposium: PTM 2015: Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials
  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Grain refinements in lath martensite and bainite structures are crucial for strengthening and toughening of high-strength structural steels. Clearly, crystallography of transformation plays an important role in determining the “grain” sizes in these structures. In the present study, crystallography and intrinsic boundary structure of martensite and bainite are described. Furthermore, various extrinsic factors affecting variant selection and growth kinetics, such as elastic/plastic strain and alloying effects on interphase boundary migration, are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Maki T.: in Phase Transformations in Steels, E. Pereloma and D.V. Edmonds, eds., Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2102, vol. 2, pp. 34–58.

  2. A.-F. Gourgues-Lorenzon: Int. Mater. Rev., 2007, vol. 52, pp. 65–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. S. Morito, H. Tanaka, R. Konishi, T. Furuhara, and T. Maki: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 1789–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. S. Morito, X. Huang, T. Furuhara, T. Maki, and N. Hansen: Acta Mater., 2006, vol. 54, pp. 5323–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. T. Furuhara, H. Kawata, S. Morito, and T. Maki: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, vol. 431, pp. 228–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. N. Takayama, G. Miyamoto, and T. Furuhara: Acta Mater., 2012, vol. 60, pp. 2387–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. T.E. Swarr and G. Krauss: Metall. Trans. A, 1976, vol. 7A, pp. 41–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Morito, H. Yoshida, T. Maki, and X. Huang: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, vols. 438–440, pp. 237–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. S. Matsuda, T. Inoue, H. Mimura, and Y. Okamura: Toward Improved Ductility and Toughness, Climax Molybdenum Development Co. Ltd., Tokyo, 1971, pp. 45–66.

    Google Scholar 

  10. J.W. Morris, Jr., C.S. Lee, and Z. Guo: ISIJ Int., 2003, vol. 43, pp. 410–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R.W.K. Honeycombe and F.B. Pickering: Metall. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, pp. 1099–1112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. B.P.J. Sandvik: Metall. Trans. A, 1982, vol. 13A, pp. 777–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. G. Miyamoto, N. Takayama, and T. Furuhara: Scripta Mater., 2009, vol. 60, pp. 1113–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. G. Miyamoto: Materia Jpn., 2010, vol. 40 pp. 332–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. P.G McDougall and C.M. Wayman: in Martensite—A Tribute to Morris Cohen, G.B. Olson and W.S. Owen, eds., ASM International, Materials Park, 1992, pp. 59–95.

  16. G. Nolze: Z. Metallkd., 2004, vol. 95, pp. 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. A. Shibata, S. Morito, T. Furuhara, and T. Maki: Scripta Mater., 2005, vol. 53, pp. 597–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. F.C. Frank: Acta Metall., 1953, vol. 1, pp. 15–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. G.B. Olson and M. Cohen: Acta Metall., 1979, vol. 27, pp.1907–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. G.B. Olson and M. Cohen: Metall. Trans. A, 1976, vol. 7A, pp. 1905–14.

    Google Scholar 

  21. B.P.J. Sandvik and C.M. Wayman: Metall. Trans. A, 1983, vol. 14A, pp. 809–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. B.P.J. Sandvik and C.M. Wayman: Metall. Trans. A, 1983, vol. 14A, pp. 2455–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. G.J. Mahon, J.M. Howe, and S. Mahajan: Phil. Mag. Lett., 1989, vol. 59, pp. 273–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. T. Moritani, N. Miyajima, T. Furuhara, and T. Maki: Scripta Mater., 2002, vol. 47, pp. 193–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Shibata, T. Furuhara, and T. Maki: Acta Mater., 2010, vol. 58, pp. 3477–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. S. Kajiwara, K. Ogawa, and T. Kikuchi: Phil. Mag. Lett., 1996, vol. 74, pp. 405–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. S. Kajiwara, K. Ogawa, T. Kikuchi, H. Okamoto, and M. Oka: Proc. Int. Conf. Solid Solid Phase Transformations, M. Koiwa, K. Otsuka, and S. Miyazaki, eds., Japan Institute of Metals, Sendai, 1999, pp. 969–72.

  28. J.M. Rigsbee and H.I. Aaronson: Acta Metall., 1979, vol. 27, pp. 351–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. J.W. Christian and K.W. Knowles: Proc. Int. Conf. Solid→Solid Phase Transformations, H.I. Aaronson, D.E. Laughlin, R.F. Sekerka, and C.M. Wayman, eds., TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1982, pp. 1185–1207.

  30. H.I. Aaronson, T. Furuhara, J.P. Hirth, J.F. Nie, G.R. Purdy, and W.T. Reynolds, Jr.: Acta Mater., 2006, vol. 54, pp. 1227–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. J.M. Howe, R.C. Pond, and J. P. Hirth: Progr. Mater. Sci., 2009, vol. 54, pp. 792–838.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. J.P. Hirth and L. Lothe: Theory of Dislocations, 2nd ed., Kreiger, Melbourne, FL, 1992, p. 596.

    Google Scholar 

  33. K. Shimizu, M. Oka, and C.M. Wayman: Acta Metall., 1970, vol. 18, pp. 1005–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. H. Matsuda and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia: Proc. R. Soc. London A, 2004, vol. 460, pp. 1707–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. J.M. Oblak and R.F. Hehemann: Transformation and Hardenability in Steels, Climax Molybdenum, Ann Arbor, MI, 1967, pp. 15–38.

    Google Scholar 

  36. H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia and D.V. Edmonds: Acta Metall., 1980, vol. 28, pp. 1265–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. G.R. Shrinivasan and C.M. Wayman: Acta Metall., 1968, pp. 621–36.

  38. G.B. Olson and M. Cohen: Scripta Metall., 1975, vol. 9, pp. 1247–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. G. Miyamoto, A. Shibata, T. Maki, and T. Furuhara: Acta Mater., 2009, vol. 57, pp. 1120–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. N. Miyajima: Master’s Thesis, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, 2002.

  41. T. Moritani: Ph.D. Thesis, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, 2003.

  42. T. Kikuchi and S. Kajiwara: Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 1985, vol. 26, pp. 861–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. M. Grujicic, H.C. Ling, D.M. Haezebrouck, and W.S. Owen: in Martensite—A Tribute to Morris Cohen, G.B. Olson and W.S. Owen, eds., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1992, pp. 175–96.

  44. G.B. Olson and M. Cohen: in Frontiers in Materials Technologies, M.A. Mayers and O.T. Inal, eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1985, pp. 43–87.

  45. R. Datta, G. Ghosh, and V. Raghavan: Scripta Metall., 1986, vol. 20, pp. 559–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. S. Kajiwara: Metall. Trans. A, 1986, vol. 17A, pp. 1693–1702.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. K. Tsuzaki, S. Fukasaku, Y. Tomota, and T. Maki: Mater. Trans. JIM, 1991, vol. 32, pp. 222–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. G. Ghosh and G.B. Olson: Acta Metall. Mater., 1994, vol. 42, pp. 3361–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. G. Ghosh and G.B. Olson: Acta Metall. Mater., 1994, vol. 42, pp. 3371–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. S.B. Singh and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1998, vol. A245, pp. 72–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. H.C. Ling and W.S. Owen: Acta Metall., 1981, vol. 29, pp. 1721–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. S. Morito, J. Nishikawa, T. Ohba, T. Furuhara, and T. Maki: Proc. Int. Conf. Martensitic Transformations (ICOMAT-08), Japan Institute of Metals, Sendai, 2008 pp. 649–53.

  53. S.Y. Zhang, S. Morito, and Y. Komizo: ISIJ Int., 2012, vol. 52, pp. 510–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. T. Furuhara, H. Kawata, S. Morito, G. Miyamoto, and T. Maki: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2008, vol. 32A, pp. 1003–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. G. Miyamoto, T. Kaneshita, T. Chiba, and T. Furuhara: J. Jpn. Inst. Met. Mater., 2015, vol. 79, pp. 339–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. K. Fujiwara and S. Okaguchi: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1994, vol. 80, pp. 771–76.

    Google Scholar 

  57. H. Kawata: Master’s Thesis, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, 2005.

  58. T. Chiba, G. Miyamoto, and T. Furuhara: ISIJ Int., 2013, vol. 53, pp. 915–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. G. Miyamoto, N. Iwata, N. Takayama, and T. Furuhara: ISIJ Int., 2011, vol. 51, pp. 1174–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. D.E. Coates: Metall. Trans., 1973, vol. 4, pp. 2313–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. K. Oi, C. Lux, and G.R. Purdy: Acta Mater., 2000, vol. 48, pp. 2147–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. G.R. Purdy, J. Ågren, A. Borgenstam, Y. Bréchet, M. Enomoto, T. Furuhara, E. Gamsjäger, M. Gouné, M. Hillert, C. Hutchinson, M. Militzer, and H. Zurob: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2011, vol. 42A, pp. 3703–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. C.R. Hutchinson, A. Fuchsmann, and Y. Bréchet: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, vol. 35A, pp. 1211–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. H. S. Zurob, C.R. Hutchinson, Y. Brechet, H. Seyedrezai, and G.R. Purdy: Acta Mater., 2009, vol. 57, pp. 2781–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. M. Hillert and M. Rettenmayr: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 2803–09.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Z.-Q. Liu, G. Miyamoto, Z.-G. Yang, and T. Furuhara: Acta Mater., 2013, vol. 61, pp. 3120–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Z.-Q. Liu, G. Miyamoto, Z.-G. Yang, C. Zhang, and T. Furuhara: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2015, vol. 46A, pp. 1544–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. N. Takayama: Ph.D. Thesis, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, 2012.

  69. H.-D. Wu: Master’s Thesis, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, 2016.

  70. M. Suehiro, Z.-K. Liu, and J. Ågren: Acta Mater., 1996, vol. 44, pp. 4241–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. C. Qiu, H.S. Zurob, D. Panahi, Y.J.M. Brechet, G.R. Purdy, and C.R. Hutchinson: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2013, vol. 44A, pp. 3472–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. W.T. Reynolds, Jr., S.K. Liu, F.Z. Li, C.K. Shui, and H.I. Aaronson: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1990, vol. 21A, pp. 1433–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. E.S. Humpherys, H.A. Fletcher, J.D. Hutchins, A.J. Garrat-Reed, W.T. Reynolds, Jr., H.I. Aaronson, G.R. Purdy, and G.D.W. Smith: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, vol. 35A, pp. 1223–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. H. Chen and S. van der Zwaag: Acta Mater., 2014, vol. 72, pp. 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia: Bainite in Steels, 2nd ed., IOM Communications Ltd., London, 2001, pp. 130–35.

    Google Scholar 

  76. T. Furuhara, T. Yamaguchi, G. Miyamoto, and T. Maki: Mater. Sci. Technol., 2010, vol. 26, pp. 392–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. T. Furuhara, K. Tsuzumi, G. Miyamoto, T. Amino, and G. Shigesato: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2014, vol. 45A, pp. 5990–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Y. Xia, G. Miyamoto, Z.-G. Yang, C. Zhang, and T. Furuhara: Acta Mater., 2015, vol. 91, pp. 10–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Y. Xia, G. Miyamoto, Z.-G. Yang, C. Zhang, and T. Furuhara: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2015, vol. 46A, pp. 2347–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. M. Hillert, L. Höglund, and J. Ågren: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, vol. 35A, pp. 3693–3700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. E. Gamsjäger, M. Wiessner, S. Schider, H. Chen, and S. van der Zwaag: Phil. Mag., 2015, vol. 95, pp. 2899–2917.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. H.I. Aaronson, W.T. Reynolds, Jr., and G.R. Purdy: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2006, vol. 37A, pp. 1731–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. D. Quidort and O. Bouaziz: Can. Metall. Q., 2004, vol. 43, pp. 25–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. N. Ridley, H. Stuart, and L. Zwell: Trans. TMS-AIME, 1969, vol. 245, pp. 1834–36.

    Google Scholar 

  85. K.Y. Golovchiner: Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 1974, vol. 37, pp. 363–68.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Y. Tanaka and K. Shimizu: Trans. JIM, 1980, vol. 21, pp. 42–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. S. Onaka and M. Kato: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1991, vol. 146, pp. 217–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. T. Kakeshita, K. Kuroiwa, K. Shimizu, T. Ikeda, A. Yamagishi, and M. Date: Mater. Trans. JIM, 1993, vol. 34, pp. 423–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. K. Tsuzaki and T. Maki: J. Phys. IV, 1995, vol. 5, pp. C8-61–C8-70.

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors appreciate the support from the Innovative Structural Materials Project funded by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization as a Future Pioneering Project, Japan. The subjects contained were also funded previously through Grain-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) No. 23360316 (2011–2013) and ISIJ Research Promotion Grant (2007).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tadashi Furuhara.

Additional information

This article is based upon a presentation made at the International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Material (PTM2015) held in Whistler, BC, Canada from June 28 to July 3, 2015.

Manuscript submitted May 13, 2016.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Furuhara, T., Chiba, T., Kaneshita, T. et al. Crystallography and Interphase Boundary of Martensite and Bainite in Steels. Metall Mater Trans A 48, 2739–2752 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4064-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4064-3

Keywords

Navigation