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Characterization of Plastic Flow Pertinent to the Evolution of Bulk Residual Stress in Powder-Metallurgy, Nickel-Base Superalloys

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Abstract

The plastic-flow behavior which controls the formation of bulk residual stresses during final heat treatment of powder-metallurgy (PM), nickel-base superalloys was quantified using conventional (isothermal) stress-relaxation (SR) tests and a novel approach which simulates concurrent temperature and strain transients during cooling following solution treatment. The concurrent cooling/straining test involves characterization of the thermal compliance of the test sample. In turn, this information is used to program the ram-displacement-vs-time profile to impose a constant plastic strain rate during cooling. To demonstrate the efficacy of the new approach, SR tests (in both tension and compression) and concurrent cooling/tension-straining experiments were performed on two PM superalloys, LSHR and IN-100. The isothermal SR experiments were conducted at a series of temperatures between 1144 K and 1436 K (871 °C and 1163 °C) on samples that had been supersolvus solution treated and cooled slowly or rapidly to produce starting microstructures comprising coarse gamma grains and coarse or fine secondary gamma-prime precipitates, respectively. The concurrent cooling/straining tests comprised supersolvus solution treatment and various combinations of subsequent cooling rate and plastic strain rate. Comparison of flow-stress data from the SR and concurrent cooling/straining tests showed some similarities and some differences which were explained in the context of the size of the gamma-prime precipitates and the evolution of dislocation substructure. The magnitude of the effect of concurrent deformation during cooling on gamma-prime precipitation was also quantified experimentally and theoretically.

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Acknowledgments

This work was conducted as part of the in-house research of the Metals Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory’s Materials and Manufacturing Directorate in support of the Laboratory’s Foundational Engineering Problem (FEP) on bulk residual-stress development in superalloys. The support and encouragement of the FEP Program Managers (Drs. T.J. Turner and M.J. Caton) are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank G.A. Sargent and T.A. Parthasarathy for technical discussions (on stress-relaxation testing and the modeling of strength in nickel-base superalloys) and W.M. Saurber and E.F. Gaussa in performing the metallography. One of the authors (PNF) was supported under the auspices of contract FA8650-10-D-5226.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA

    S. L. Semiatin (Senior Scientist, Materials Processing/Processing Science)

  2. Materials and Processes Division, UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road, Dayton, OH, 45432, USA

    P. N. Fagin (Technologist)

  3. Rolls-Royce Corporation, DSE Materials and Process Modeling, MC-S3-02, 546 South Meridian Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46225-1103, USA

    R. L. Goetz (Materials Engineer)

  4. Pratt & Whitney, Materials and Process Engineering, M/S 114-43, 400 Main Street, East Hartford, CT, 06118, USA

    D. U. Furrer (Senior Fellow Discipline Lead)

  5. Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXM, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA

    R. E. Dutton (Chief, Manufacturing and Industrial Technologies Division)

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  1. S. L. Semiatin
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Correspondence to S. L. Semiatin.

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Manuscript submitted February 12, 2015.

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Semiatin, S.L., Fagin, P.N., Goetz, R.L. et al. Characterization of Plastic Flow Pertinent to the Evolution of Bulk Residual Stress in Powder-Metallurgy, Nickel-Base Superalloys. Metall Mater Trans A 46, 3943–3959 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3033-y

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