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Grain Refinement in Pure Aluminum Severely Deformed by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion via Extended Processing Routes

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Abstract

AA1060 pure aluminum billets were processed by eight passes of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) using 90 and 120 deg dies via processing routes characterized by an inter-pass billet rotation angle (χ) varying from 0 to 180 deg. The grain refinement efficiencies achieved in the different processing conditions were investigated by comparing misorientation and grain size in the deformed samples measured by electron back-scatter diffraction. The results reveal an overall decrease of grain refinement efficiency with an increase of χ for both dies. This trend corroborates the general observations in various face-centered cubic metals processed using a 120 deg die and can be satisfactorily explained by correlating the relative grain refinement efficiency to the relative significance of newly activated slip systems at pass-to-pass transitions. For ECAE with the 90 deg die, the route-dependency of grain refinement found in the AA1060 samples contradicts some of the observations in the literature, and the main discrepancies are located for routes with χ = 0 to 90 deg. Comparison of the present results with those of pure copper processed under similar conditions further reveals that these discrepancies could be mainly ascribed to differences in the characteristics of the materials, and that it is irrational to simply claim the route with χ = 0 or 90 deg as the optimal route without necessary experimental validations for a specific material.

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Notes

  1. Route B was often designated as route B C (e.g., Ref. [4]) in the literature.

  2. The number of passes was, however, also reported to be 10 in Ref. [10] by the same group of authors, when the same set of EBSD data for the routes B 60 and B samples was presented.

  3. Although not shown here for the sake of space, the variation of the average misorientation with the processing route follows the same trend as that of the fraction of HABs for both die angles.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51271204) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB619500). Thanks are due to Mr. H. Li and Mr. X. Li for help with the material processing and EBSD experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P.R. China

    Saiyi Li (Professor), Xiaodi Zheng (Graduate Student) & Mingliang Zhang (Graduate Student)

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  1. Saiyi Li
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  2. Xiaodi Zheng
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  3. Mingliang Zhang
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Correspondence to Saiyi Li.

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Manuscript submitted October 2, 2013.

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Li, S., Zheng, X. & Zhang, M. Grain Refinement in Pure Aluminum Severely Deformed by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion via Extended Processing Routes. Metall Mater Trans A 45, 2601–2611 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2191-7

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