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Structural Evolution and Phase Stability of Hume-Rothery Phase in a Mechanically Driven Nanostructured Ag-15 at. pct Sn Alloy

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Abstract

The paper reports phase evolution in mechanically driven Ag-15 at. pct Sn alloy powder starting with elemental powders in order to establish the feasibility of designing nanocomposites of a Ag-Sn solid solution. This alloy lies in the phase field of the hexagonal ζ-phase which is a well-known Hume-Rothery electron compound with an electron-to-atom ratio of about 1.45 and hexagonal crystal structure (a = 0.2966 nm, c = 0.4782 nm). Through a systematic use of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, the results establish the formation of the ζ-phase which co-exists with the Ag solid solution during the initial phase of milling. Mechanical milling for long duration (55 hours) destabilizes the ζ-phase. A complete solid solution of Ag with a grain size of ~8 nm could be achieved after 60 hours of milling. Additional milling can induce decomposition of the solid solution that results in a reappearance of ζ-phase. We present a detailed thermodynamic calculation which indicates that complete Ag solid solution of the present alloy composition would be possible if the crystallites size can be reduced below a certain critical size. In particular, we show that both Ag and ζ-phase grain sizes need to be taken into account for determining the metastable equilibrium and the phase change that has been experimentally observed. Finally, we argue that recrystallization processes set a limit to the achievable size of the nanoparticles with metastable Ag solid solution.

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Acknowledgments

One of the authors, Chithra S would like to thank Mr. Sriram, summer project student, NIT, Trichy for his help in carrying out some of the milling experiments and in the XRD studies. The author would like to acknowledge the microscopy facilities available at Advanced Facility for Microscopy and Microanalysis, Institute, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. The study was supported by a grant from the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India.

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  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India

    S. Chithra (Post Doctoral Research Scholar), K. D. Malviya (Research Scholar) & K. Chattopadhyay (Professor)

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  1. S. Chithra
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  2. K. D. Malviya
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  3. K. Chattopadhyay
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Correspondence to K. Chattopadhyay.

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Manuscript submitted May 15, 2013.

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Chithra, S., Malviya, K.D. & Chattopadhyay, K. Structural Evolution and Phase Stability of Hume-Rothery Phase in a Mechanically Driven Nanostructured Ag-15 at. pct Sn Alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 45, 1148–1160 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-2057-4

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