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Copper, Boron, and Cerium Additions in Type 347 Austenitic Steel to Improve Creep Rupture Strength

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Abstract

Type 347 austenitic stainless steel (18Cr-12Ni-Nb) was alloyed with copper (3 wt pct), boron (0.01 to 0.06 wt pct), and cerium (0.01 wt pct) with an aim to increase the creep rupture strength of the steel through the improved deformation and cavitation resistance. Short-term creep rupture strength was found to increase with the addition of copper in the 347 steel, but the long-term strength was inferior. Extensive creep cavitation deprived the steel of the beneficial effect of creep deformation resistance induced by nano-size copper particles. Boron and cerium additions in the copper-containing steel increased its creep rupture strength and ductility, which were more for higher boron content. Creep deformation, grain boundary sliding, and creep cavity nucleation and growth in the steel were found to be suppressed by microalloying the copper-containing steel with boron and cerium, and the suppression was more for higher boron content. An auger electron spectroscopic study revealed the segregation of boron instead of sulfur on the cavity surface of the boron- and cerium-microalloyed steel. Cerium acted as a scavenger for soluble sulfur in the steels through the precipitation of cerium sulfide (CeS). This inhibited the segregation of sulfur and facilitated the segregation of boron on cavity surface. Boron segregation on the nucleated cavity surface reduced its growth rate. Microalloying the copper-containing 347 steel with boron and cerium thus enabled to use the full extent of creep deformation resistance rendered by copper nano-size particle by increase in creep rupture strength and ductility.

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Acknowledgments

One author (K. Laha) gratefully acknowledges the support of the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) for providing the JSPS postdoctoral fellowship for foreign researcher to carry out the research work at the National Institute for Material Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Creep Studies Section, Mechanical Metallurgy Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India

    Kinkar Laha (Head)

  2. Materials Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Ibaraki, Japan

    J. Kyono (Researcher)

  3. Nano-Materials Group, National Institute of Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Ibaraki, Japan

    Norio Shinya (Scientist)

Authors
  1. Kinkar Laha
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  2. J. Kyono
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  3. Norio Shinya
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Correspondence to Kinkar Laha.

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Manuscript submitted November 23, 2010.

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Laha, K., Kyono, J. & Shinya, N. Copper, Boron, and Cerium Additions in Type 347 Austenitic Steel to Improve Creep Rupture Strength. Metall Mater Trans A 43, 1187–1197 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0953-z

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