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Friction Stir Welding of HSLA-65 Steel: Part II. The Influence of Weld Speed and Tool Material on the Residual Stress Distribution and Tool Wear

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Abstract

A set of single pass full penetration friction stir bead-on-plate and butt welds in HSLA-65 steel were produced using a range of traverse speeds (50 to 500 mm/min) and two tool materials (W-Re and PCBN). Part I described the influence of process and tool parameters on the microstructure in the weld region. This article focuses on the influence of these parameters on residual stress, but the presence of retained austenite evident in the diffraction pattern and X-ray tomographic investigations of tool material depositions are also discussed. The residual stress measurements were made using white beam synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD). The residual stresses are affected by the traverse speed as well as the weld tool material. While the peak residual stress at the tool shoulders remained largely unchanged (approximately equal to the nominal yield stress (450 MPa)) irrespective of weld speed or tool type, for the W-Re welds, the width of the tensile section of the residual stress profile decreased with increasing traverse speed (thus decreasing line energy). The effect of increasing traverse speed on the width of the tensile zone was much less pronounced for the PCBN tool material.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge access to the ESRF through long-term proposal MA-885. They also thank Drs. T. Buslaps and M.J. Peel on beam line ID15A for their support. Acknowledgement is also given to Chris Martin and Robert Bradley, Henry Moseley X-ray Imaging Facility, University of Manchester, for their support in the examination of the W-Re wear traces in the welds. Thanks are also due to Scott Kenningley for his work on the visualization of the W-rich areas in the welds using X-ray tomography.

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Author notes

  1. J. Altenkirch (Researcher, Research Associate)

    Present address: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ESS Scandinavia, University of Lund, 22350, Lund, Sweden

    A. Steuwer (Expert Researcher, Head of User, Industrial Liason)

  2. School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7HS, United Kingdom

    S. J. Barnes (NDT Manager), J. Altenkirch (Researcher, Research Associate) & P. J. Withers (Professor of Materials Science)

  3. TWI Yorkshire, Catcliffe, Rotherham, S60 5TZ, United Kingdom

    R. Johnson (Project Manager)

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  1. A. Steuwer
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  2. S. J. Barnes
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. J. Barnes.

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Manuscript submitted: October 14, 2010.

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Steuwer, A., Barnes, S.J., Altenkirch, J. et al. Friction Stir Welding of HSLA-65 Steel: Part II. The Influence of Weld Speed and Tool Material on the Residual Stress Distribution and Tool Wear. Metall Mater Trans A 43, 2356–2365 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0643-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0643-x

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