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Influence of Crystallography on Ferrite Nucleation at Austenite Grain-Boundary Faces, Edges, and Corners in a Co-15Fe Alloy

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Abstract

The nucleation of ferrite precipitates at austenite grain faces, edges (triple lines), and corners (quadruple points) was studied in a Co-15Fe alloy in which the matrix phase was retained upon cooling to room temperature by serial sectioning coupled with electron backscatter diffraction analysis. Nearly half of the edges and corners were vacant at an undercooling of 60 K from the γ/(α + γ) boundary where the precipitation occurred significantly at grain faces. A significant proportion of precipitates had Kurdjumov–Sachs (K–S) and to a lesser extent Nishiyama–Wassermann (N–W) orientation relationships with more than one grain at all boundary sites. Vacant edges and corners were readily observed, of which the misorientations of matrix grain boundaries would permit a precipitate to have a specific orientation relationship with multiple grains. Small differences in the nucleation activation energy among the grain faces, edges, and corners may lend support to a view proposed from experiments of nucleation in Fe-C base alloys that ferrite nuclei are more or less surrounded by low-energy facets of α/γ phase boundary.

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Notes

  1. According to Cahn,[17] the number of edges and corners per unit volume can be calculated from the equations, \( 24/\bar{D}^{3} \) and \( 12/\bar{D}^{3} \), respectively, where \( \bar{D} \) is the mean grain size, and the former equation is a result of the observation that four edges are associated with one corner and each edge is shared by two neighbor corners. Multiplying the sample volume V (= 1.8 × 105 μm3) yields 74 and 37. These values may be somewhat smaller considering the geometrical factor between \( \bar{D} \) and \( \bar{\ell } \).[18]

  2. The crystallographic direction of edge line was not determined in this experiment because the horizontal alignment by means of hardness indentation could not be made with sufficient accuracy.

  3. This value is somewhat greater than that reported earlier[26] because in the previous report the site density and the interfacial energy were evaluated simultaneously from the temperature dependence of measured nucleation rates.

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Acknowledgment

One of the authors (G.H. Zhang) acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of the Japanese Government.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, 316-8511, Japan

    G. H. Zhang (Student, Postdoctoral Fellow), T. Takeuchi (Student) & M. Enomoto (Professor)

  2. Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea

    G. H. Zhang (Student, Postdoctoral Fellow)

  3. Innovative Materials Engineering Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan

    Y. Adachi (Senior Scientist)

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  1. G. H. Zhang
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  2. T. Takeuchi
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  3. M. Enomoto
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  4. Y. Adachi
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Correspondence to M. Enomoto.

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Manuscript submitted March 7, 2010.

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Zhang, G.H., Takeuchi, T., Enomoto, M. et al. Influence of Crystallography on Ferrite Nucleation at Austenite Grain-Boundary Faces, Edges, and Corners in a Co-15Fe Alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 42, 1597–1608 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-010-0554-2

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