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Normative data and percentile curves of bone mineral density in healthy Iranian children aged 9–18 years

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Abstract

Summary

We provide the first reference values for bone mineral content and bone mineral density according to age and sex in Iranian children and adolescents. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was high, and levels of physical activity were low in our sample. Multiple regression analyses showed age, BMI, and Tanner stage to be the main indicators of bone mineral apparent density.

Purpose

Normal bone structure is formed in childhood and adolescence. The potential determinants which interact with genetic factors to influence bone density include gender, nutritional, lifestyle, and hormonal factors. This study aimed to evaluate bone mineral content (BMC) and the bone mineral density (BMD) and factors that may interfere with it in Iranian children.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 476 healthy Iranian children and adolescents (235 girls and 241 boys) aged 9–18 years old participated. BMC and BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total body were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry using a Hologic Discovery device, and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck were calculated.

Results

We present percentile curves by age derived separately for BMC, BMD, and BMAD of the lumbar spine, left femoral neck, and total body excluding the head for boys and girls. Maximum accretion of BMC and BMD was observed at ages of 11–13 years (girls) and 12–15 years (boys).The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was high and physical activity was low in our participants. However, in multiple regression analyses, age, BMI, and Tanner stage were the main indicators of BMD and BMAD

Conclusion

These normative data aid in the evaluation of bone density in Iranian children and adolescents. Further research to evaluate the evolution of BMD in Iranian children and adolescents is needed to identify the reasons for significant differences in bone density values between Iranian populations and their Western counterparts.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a grant (89–5127) from the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.The authors would like to thank Dr. Nasrin Shokrpour and K. Shashok (AuthorAID in the Eastern Mediterranean) for improving the use of English in the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345-1414, Shiraz, Iran

    Marjan Jeddi, Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh, Gholamhossein Ranjbar Omrani, Ali Reza Showraki & Marzieh Bakhshayeshkaram

  2. Department of Medicine, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Mohammad Jafar Roosta

  3. Department of Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Sayed Mohammad Taghi Ayatollahi & Zahra Bagheri

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  1. Marjan Jeddi
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Correspondence to Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh.

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Jeddi, M., Roosta, M.J., Dabbaghmanesh, M.H. et al. Normative data and percentile curves of bone mineral density in healthy Iranian children aged 9–18 years. Arch Osteoporos 8, 114 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-012-0114-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-012-0114-z

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