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Bone mineral density: reference values and correlates for Bangladeshi women aged 16–65 years

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Orthopaedic Science

Abstract

Background

Studies examining the reference values of bone mineral density (BMD) and their patterns at different ages are largely based on data generated from developed countries. The objective of this study was to estimate reference values of BMD, along with their correlates, for women living in urban and suburban areas of Bangladesh.

Methods

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were performed on 500 women 16–65 years of age. Reference values at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) were estimated after adjusting for height and weight. In addition, multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine correlates of BMD at the LS and FN.

Results

Mean BMD was highest at the LS and FN in women 16–19 (1.001–1.007 g/cm2) and 16–22 years of age (0.880–0.888 g/cm2), respectively, and gradually declined with increasing age thereafter. BMD decreased at an annual rate of 0.0027 g/cm2 at the LS and 0.0046 g/cm2 at the FN among women aged 16–45 years. For women 46–65 years of age, the respective figures were 0.0073 and 0.0083 g/cm2. In both age groups, body weight was positively associated with BMD at both sites, and with height only at the LS. In addition, years of pill use was positively associated with BMD at the LS among women aged 16–45 years. BMD levels at both sites began to decline during the early twenties among Bangladeshi women.

Conclusions

Age-specific BMD data generated in this study could be useful for interpreting bone densitometry data among women in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries.

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Acknowledgments

Support for this study was provided by a grant from St. Luke’s Life Science Institute, Tokyo, Japan. We thank Dr. Faisal Kabir, Director, Centre for Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, for providing us space and other facilities in order to conduct the interviewer-administered questionnaire survey.

Conflict of interest

The authors disclose that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Reproductive and Child Health, Bangladesh University of Health Science, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Rowshan Ara Begum

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Bangladesh University of Health Science, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Liaquat Ali

  3. Center for Clinical Epidemiology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Akashi-cho 9-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan

    Osamu Takahashi & Tsuguya Fukui

  4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women’s Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., John Sealy Annex, Room No. 3.108.D, Galveston, TX, 77555-0587, USA

    Mahbubur Rahman

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  1. Rowshan Ara Begum
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Correspondence to Mahbubur Rahman.

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Begum, R.A., Ali, L., Takahashi, O. et al. Bone mineral density: reference values and correlates for Bangladeshi women aged 16–65 years. J Orthop Sci 20, 522–528 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-015-0695-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-015-0695-7

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