Abstract
Qi, blood and the meridians are fundamental concepts in Chinese medicine (CM), which are components of the human body and maintain physiological function. Pathological changes of qi, blood and meridians may lead to discomfort and disease. Treatment with acupuncture or herbal medicine aims to regulate qi and blood so as to recover normal function of the meridians. This paper explores the nature of qi as well as compares and correlates them with the structures of the human body. We propose a conceptualization of qi as being similar to the interstitial fluid, and the meridians as being similar to interstitial space of low hydraulic resistance in the body. Hence, qi running in the meridians can be understood as interstitial fluid flowing via interstitial space of low hydraulic resistance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wang Q. The blood conception in TCM is not equal to blood in modern medicine. J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2005;16:332–333.
Huang LX. Conpendium on the academic history of Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion. Beijing: Huaxia Press; 2001:200–208.
Lin MJ, Guo CQ. Yang Jia-san’s experience on choosing acupoints. Shanxi J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2009;25:22–23.
Wang JY, Li M. The clinical significance of palpable channel changes. J Chin Med (Chin) 2012;99:5–11.
Zhang WB. Meridian interstices: an important concept in TCM. Chin Acupunct Moxib (Chin) 2000; 20:219–222.
Xie HR, Li FC, Zhang WB. Observation and analysis on the meridian-collateral running track-related anatomical structure in the human body. Acupunct Res (Chin) 2009;34:202–206.
Xie HR. Observatory study on the pathway of the lung meridian. Chin Acupunct Moxibust (Chin) 1988;6:35–37.
Langevin HM, Yandow JA. Relationship of acupuncture points and meridians to connective tissue planes. Anat Rec 2002;269:257–265.
Langevin HM, Churchill DL, Wu J, Badger GJ, Yandow JA, Fox JR, et al. Evidence of connective tissue involvement in acupuncture. FASEB J 2002, 16:872–874.
Aukland K, Reed RK. Interstitial-lymphatic mechanisms in the control of extracellular fluid volume. Physiol Rev 1993;73:1–78.
Swartz MA, Fleury ME. Interstitial flow and its effects in soft tissues. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2007;9:229–256.
Guyton AC, Scheel K, Murphree D. Interstitial fluid pressure. III. Its effect on resistance to tissue fluid mobility. Circ Res 1966;19:412–419.
Zhang WB, Tian YY, Li H, Tian JH, Luo MF, Xu FL, et al. A discovery of low hydraulic resistance channel along meridians. J Acupunct Meridian Stud J 2008;1:20–28.
Zhang WB, Wang GJ, Fuxe K. Classic and modern meridian studies: A review of low hydraulic resistance channels along meridians and their relevance for therapeutic effects in traditional Chinese medicine. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015;2015:410979.
Zhang WB, Wu QR, Tian YY, Li H. The transportation of histamine along low hydraulic resistance channel and the change of microcirculation observed by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. J Altern Complement Med 2004;6:1147–1148.
Yang MN, Han JX. Review and analysis on the meridian research of China over the past sixty years. Chin J Integr Med 2015;21:394–400.
Agnati LF, Fuxe K, Zoli M, Ozini I, Toffano G, Ferraguti F. A correlation analysis of the regional distribution of central enkephalin and betaendorphin immunoreactive terminals and of opiate receptors in adult and old male rats. Evidence for the existence of two main types of communication in the central nervous system: the volume transmission and the wiring transmission. Acta Physiol Scand 1986;128:201–207.
Helge W, Swartz MA. Interstitial fluid and lymph formation and transport: physiological regulation and roles in inflammation and cancer. Physiol Rev 2012;92:1005–1060.
Ng CP, Hinz B, Swartz MA. Interstitial fluid flow induces myofibroblast differentiation and collagen alignment in vitro. J Cell Sci 2005;118:4731–4739.
Boardman KC, Swartz MA. Interstitial flow as a guide for lymphangiogenesis. Circ Res 2003;92:801–808.
Zhang WB, Xu YH, Tian YY, Li H, Wang GJ, Huang T, et al. Induction of hyperalgesia in pigs through blocking low hydraulic resistance channels and reduction of the resistance through acupuncture: a mechanism of action of acupuncture. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013:654645.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Wb., Jia, Dx., Li, Hy. et al. Understanding Qi Running in the Meridians as Interstitial Fluid Flowing via Interstitial Space of Low Hydraulic Resistance. Chin. J. Integr. Med. 24, 304–307 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-017-2791-3
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-017-2791-3