Skip to main content
Log in

Nitrogen in Chinese coals

  • Published:
Chinese Journal of Geochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Three hundred and six coal samples were taken from main coal mines of twenty-six provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China, according to the resource distribution and coal-forming periods as well as the coal ranks and coal yields. Nitrogen was determined by using the Kjeldahl method at U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), which exhibit a normal frequency distribution. The nitrogen contents of over 90% Chinese coal vary from 0.52% to 1.41% and the average nitrogen content is recommended to be 0.98%. Nitrogen in coal exists primarily in organic form. There is a slight positive relationship between nitrogen content and coal ranking.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aardenne J.A., Carmichael G.R., Levy II H., Streets D., and Hordijk L. (1999) Anthropogentic NOx emissions in Asia in the period 1990–2020 [J]. Atmospheric Environment. 33, 633–646.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abbas T., Costa M., Costen P., Godoy S., Lockwood F.C., Ou J.J., Romo-Millares C., and Zhou J. (1994) NOx formation and reduction mechanisms in pulverized coal flames [J]. Fuel. 73, 1423–1436.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akimoto H. and Narita H. (1994) Distribution of SO2, NOx and CO2 emissions from fuel combustion and industrial activities in Asia with 10×10 resolution [J]. Atmospheric Environment. 28, 213–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amand L.E. and Leckner B. (1994) Reduction of N2O in a circulating fluidized-bed combustor [J]. Fuel. 73, 1389–1397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ASTM (2002) ASTM D-3179-02e1. Standard Test Methods for Nitrogen in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke [S]. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. World Wide Web Address: http://:www.astm.org.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burchill P. and Welch L.S. (1989) Variation of nitrogen content and functionality with rank for some UK bituminous coals [J]. Fuel. 68, 100–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feng Bo., Yuan Jianwei, Lin Zhijie, and Liu Dechang (1996a) Present situation and source of N2O in atmosphere [J]. Nature Exploring. 55, 23–27 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng Bo, Lin Zhijie, Yuan Jianwei, Cai Xuejun, and Liu Dechang (1996b) Formation mechanism of nitrogen oxide during fluidized bed combustion [J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power. 11, 91–94 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng Bo, Liu Hao, Yuan Jianwei, Lin Zhijie, and Liu Dechang (1996c) Conversion of coal nitrogen in bubbling fluidized bed (II)mechanism interpretation [J]. Coal Conversion. 19, 25–29 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng Bo, Yuan Jianwei, Lin Zhijie, Cai Xuejun, and Liu Dechang (1997) Analysis of the effect of coal quality for the formation of nitrogen oxide [J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. 25(suppl. II), 106–108 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao Jinsheng, Shen Benxian, Wang Zenghui, and Zelkowski J. (1994) Source of nitrogen oxide and effective method for inhibiting the formation of nitrogen oxide during coal combustion [J]. Coal Conversion. 17, 10–15 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hampartsoumian E., Folayan O.O., Nimmo W., and Gibbs B.M. (2003) Optimisation of NOx reduction in advanced coal reburning systems and the effect of coal type [J]. Fuel. 82, 373–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayhurst A.N. and Lawrence A.D. (1992) Emissions of nitrous oxide from combustion sources [J]. Pro. Energy Combust. Sci. 18, 529–552.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnsson J.E. (1994) Formation and reduction of nitrogen oxides in fluoridized-bed combustion [J]. Fuel. 73, 1398–1345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kambara S., Takarada T., Toyoshima M., and Kato K. (1995) Relation between functional forms of coal nitrogen and NO., emissions from pulverized coal combustion [J]. Fuel. 74, 1247–1253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kato N. and Akimoto H. (1992) Anthropogentic emissions of SO2 and NOx in Asia: Emission inventories [J]. Atmospheric Environment. 26(A), 2997–3017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelemen S.R., Gorbaty M.L., and Kwiatek P. (1995) Quantification of nitrogen forms in coals [J]. Energeia. 6, 1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Hao, Feng Bo, Lu Jianxin, and Lin Zhijie (1995) Influence of coal quality characteristic for the formation of N2O in a circulating Fluidized Bed combustion [J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. 23, 100–103 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lohuis J.A.O., Tromp P.J.J., and Moulijn J.A. (1992) Parametric study of N2O formation in coal combustion [J]. Fuel. 71, 9–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mann M.D, Collings M.E., and Botros P.E. (1992) Nitrous oxide emissions in fluidized-bed combustion: Fundamental chemistry and combustion testing [J]. Pro. Energy Combust. Sci. 18, 447–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mcgonigle A.J.S., Thomson C.L., Tsanev V.I., and Oppenheimer C. (2004) A simple technique for measuring power station SO2 and NO2 emission [J]. Atmospheric Environment. 38, 21–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Office of Air and Radiation & Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards of U.S. EPA. (1994) Alternative Control Technologies Document NO x Emissions from Utility Boilers: Emission Standards Division [R]. pp.2–3. North Carolina, Research Triangle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pels J.R., Wfjtowicz M.A., and Moulijn J.A. (1993) Rank dependence of N2O emission in fluidized-bed combustion of coal [J]. Fuel. 72, 373–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • State Bureau of Technical Supervision (1993) GB 481-1993, Sampling Method of Coal Sample for Production [S]. Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing. World Wide Web Address: http://www.sac.gov.cn

    Google Scholar 

  • State Bureau of Technical Supervision (1996) GB 474-1996, Preparation of Coal Sample [S]. Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing. World Wide Web Address: http://www.sac.gov.cn

    Google Scholar 

  • Streets D.G. and Waldhoff S.T. (2000) Present and future emissions of air pollutants in China: SO2, NOx and CO [J]. Atmospheric Environment. 34, 363–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Qinghe, Lu Yongqi, Fu Lixin, Tian Hezhong, and Hao Jiming (2004) Adjustment on NOx emission factors and calculation of NOx emissions in China in the year 2000 [J]. Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control. 5, 90–94 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tian Hezhong, Hao Jiming, and Lu Yongqi (2001a) Nitrogen oxides emissions arising from commercial energy consumption in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Enviromental Science. 22, 24–28 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tian Hezhong, Hao Jiming, Lu Yongqi, and Zhu Tianle (2001b) Inventories and distribution characteristics of NOx emissions in China [J]. China Environmental Science. 21, 493–497 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Shaobin (1994) Source, sinks and environment effect of NO in the atmosphere [J]. Environmental Protect. 22, 23–27 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Shaobin, Song Wenzhi, Su Weihan, Zeng Huihai, Zhang Yuming, and Wang Zhiping (1994) Emission of NO from winter wheat filed [J]. Agro-Environment Protection. 13, 210–212 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Shaobin and Su Weihan (1995) Rough estimate of discharge amount and variety of NO in china [J]. Environmental Science. 14, 42–46 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Wenxing, Wang Wei, Zhang Weihua, and Hong Shaoxian (1996) Discharge strength of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides on geographic distribution and its history trend in China [J]. China Environmental Science. 16, 161–167 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Xuzeng, Zhu Langru, and Wang Jie (1992) Formation and Distribution of Coal Filed in China [M]. pp.69–71. Science Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wójtowicz M.A., Pels J.R., and Moulijn J.A. (1994) N2O emission control in coal combustion [J]. Fuel. 73, 1416–1422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Daishe, Zheng Baoshan, Tang Xiuyi, Li Shehong, Wang Binbin, and Wang Mingshi (2004) Fluorine in Chinese coals [J]. Fluoride. 37, 125–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu Wenbin and Hong Yetang (1999) Nitrogen and oxygen isotope balance in tropospheric N2O—An improved budget [J]. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry. 18, 187–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan Jianwei, Feng Bo, Cai Xuejun, Lin Zhijie, and Liu Dechang (1994) Formation and decomposition mechanism of N2O in a fluidized bed combustion [J]. Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering. 14, 1–7 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuan Jianwei and Feng Bo (1995) Chemistry kinetics process simulation of the generation and decompound of nitrogen oxides in coal combustion [J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. 23, 114–119 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Min, Zhang Jun, Zhao Hongjing, and Feng Min (2004) Migration fractionation of neutral nitrogen compounds of crude oils from Tabei oilfield in the Tarim Basin, China [J]. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry. 23, 89–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Ruilan, Zhao Haitao, and Peng Meisheng (1996) NxO monitoring and discharge quantity extimate for chinese coal combustion [J]. Environmental Science. 17, 11–13 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Zongbin, Chen Haokan, and Li Baoqing (1999) The formation and reduction of NOx during coal combustion [J]. Coal Conversion. 22, 10–15 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daishe Wu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wu, D., Lei, J., Zheng, B. et al. Nitrogen in Chinese coals. Chin. J. Geochem. 30, 248–254 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-011-0506-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-011-0506-6

Key words

Navigation